Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay example -- Georges decision

Many of you may think it was easy enough for George to pick up that Luger and shoot this man, Lennie, right in the back of the head. This, however, is non so. The internal conflict that George must have faced was no doubt greater than anything you can imagine. George, an angel of mercy to his good friend and confidant, Lennie Small, is not a murderer. He is quite the opposite.The care of Lennie had been placed into Georges hands by a dying woman. George had promised that he would take care of Lennie, watch after him, make sealed he was safe. Because the greatest danger to Lennie, George and this Aunt Clara must have known, was himself. His sheer strength and simple mindedness had gotten Lennie in trouble many times before, and then, suddenly, he had killed a woman. The blame can not be ...

Darkness Falls in Stantana - Original Writing :: Papers

Darkness Falls in Stantana - Original Writing In a resolution called Santana lived a young woman called bloody shame archer. Everyone hated her because she use to go to little children and offer them into her house, and she feeds them with poi paroleous food because when Mary was a little girlfriend her mum was preparing dinner but she accidentally added washing up liquid with her knowing. When she put dinner on the table Marry came home from school with her father. trance Mary was upstairs in the toilet, Marys mum and dad helped their selves to the sweet and tasty paste. When Mary came downstairs she saying her mom and dad lying down on the ground perfectly still. Mary walked slowly to her mum repeatedly saying mum, mum get up mum, but there was no reply. Mary knew something was wrong so she quickly and ran out of the house to her neighbors and t anile them what happened. Since then Mary wasnt the same. One day the mayors son went missing, so all of the villagers set off hunt down for Mary because they had a feeling that it was her that kidnapped the mayors son Alex. When they reached Marys house they saw Alexs bicycle lying on the floor outside the doorstep of Marys house. The villagers kicked the door down and saw Mary with a butchers knife in her right hand and blood was dripping off the knife. The mayor was in shock when he stepped into the kitchen and saw his son lying perfectly still and red blood surrounding him. The next day the mayor and the villagers all decided to burn the face of Mary and hang her. When they burned Marys face, Mary put a worrying on the village that 20 years later she will return and when darkness falls and children are asleep Mary will kill the child if the child or any other person in Santana looks at her face. After she made that curse she was hanged at the top of tall a wooded stick. 20 years later a young boy named James Patel 11 years old that lived

Socialism :: essays research papers

HistoryThe collectivistic Party of the United States of America was form every(prenominal)y make at a unity convention in Indianapolis in 1901. The two merging groups were the Social Democratic Party of Eugene Victor Debs and the "Kangaroo" wing of the honest-to-god Socialist Labor Party. From the beginning the Socialist Party was the organization for American radicals. Its membership included Marxists of various kinds, Christian socialists, Zionist and anti-Zionist Jewish socialists, foreign-language speaking sections, and close every variety of American radical. The Socialist Party historically stressed cooperatives as much as labor unions, and included the concepts of revolution by bringing up and of "building the new society within the shell of the old." The Socialist Party aimed to become a major party in the years prior to military personnel War I it elected two Members of Congress, over 70 mayors, innumerable state legislators and city councilors. Its me mbership topped 100,000, and its Presidential candidate, Eugene Debs, received close to a million votes in 1912 and again in 1920. The outbreak of the war against Fascism and the wartime prosperity weakened all parties on the left. While the Communist Party suffered the most from the McCarthy period, all the left was seriously impaired, and by the mid-fifties little remained of organized radical politics. The Socialist Party was down to about 2,000 members, and had more or less move from electoral action in the face of the increasingly restrictive ballot-access laws passed by state legislatures around the country. In 1956 the Socialist Party and the Social Democratic confederation reunited, under pressure from the Socialist International (with which both groups were affiliated).By 1970, the Socialist Party was showing a growing tendency toward democratic centralism in practice. At the end of 1972 the Socialist Party, changed its name to Social Democrats USA. Since 1973 the Sociali st Party USA has focused its attention more on grassroots and local politics, and has dealt with the controversial discern of Presidential politics on a case-by-case basis. Due to Americas restrictive and often undemocratic ballot access laws (which have made it almost unimaginable to break the two-party monopoly on national politics), the party views the races primarily as opportunities for educating the public about socialism and the need for electoral democracy in the US. Socialist Partys PhilosophyThe Socialist Party stands for the abolition of every form of domination and exploitation, whether based on social class, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, or other characteristics.

Social Networkings Influence on Eating Disorders Essay -- Facebook, T

As many as 10 million woman and girls suffer from anorexia or bulimia in the United States (Steele). Anorexia and bulimia are very serious eating disorders. Many women and young girls feel that these disorders are the only way for them to be accepted by others. However the strive for acceptance only ends up causing pain, emotional harm, or death to those affected. Being a sufferer of anorexia, I know the emotional and physical damage this disease can cause. The root cause of having an eating disorder is still undetermined, yet some doctors and physiologist believe the youthful focus on a perfect corpse, shown by the media is to blame. Societys portrayal and promotion of a thin body image as the exaltation female body contributes to eating disorders and poor self-esteem in many woman and young girls. Eating disorders are a group of illnesses characterized by irregular eating habits. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) classifies eating disorders into three categorie s anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorders not otherwise specified, such as binge eating. The history do-nothing these controversial diseases start as far back as 1689 when an English physician, Richard Morton gave the first medical description of anorexia nervosa, which he called nervous consumption, he tell was caused by sadness and anxious cares (Eating Disorders Timeline). The more recent fascination of eating disorders came to light when model Twiggy arrived in the U.S. Her short-haired, super-thin, look altered the fashion industry and shed light on a new feminine body image based on extreme thinness. Twiggy also introduced the model body image known today (Eating Disorders Timeline). In 1994 a study published in the Journal of Adolescen... ...anice. Old Problem, New Victims. Winston-Salem Journal (Winston-Salem, NC). 26 May 2009 n.p. SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011.Ogilvie, Megan. How biota Trumps Image As Cause of Anorexia I Became Obsessive... Toronto S tar (Toronto, Canada). 13 Apr 2008 SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011.Onstad, Katrina. Thin Is Inviolate. Globe and Mail. 20 Nov 2010 L.15. SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011.Siegel, Judy. Link Found Between Heavy Use of Facebook and Eating Disorders... capital of Israel Post (International). 01 Feb 2011 6. SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011.Schwarz, Fred. Not Our Stars But Ourselves. National Review Vol. 61, No. 3. 23 Feb 2009 22-24. SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011.Topping, Alexandra. Kate Moss Fallout Pro-Anorexic Community Finds Comfort... The Guardian (London, England). 21 Nov 2009 11. SIRS Researcher. Web. 05 Apr 2011.

Beowulf and Christianity Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

Morality, a standard of right behavior, was one of the most important characteristics during the Anglo-Saxon era. The story Beowulf depicted many virtues of the times. Beowulf holds his moral philosophy and virtues above all else, from the way he fought in battle until the day he died.Beowulf showed his honor as he traveled from his homeland to battle the brutal monster Grendel, who was terrorizing the Danes. Grendel raided and ravaged (105) the mead hall, showing no honor by killing inebriated men in their sleep. Beowulf proved his honor by deciding to turn down all weapons(338) and fight Grendel with hand grip only(342) thus declining an upper hand on his foe. Beowulfs honor is apparent again when he describes the competition between himself and his boyhood friend Breca. Beowulf and ...

Beowulf and Christianity Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

Morality, a standard of right behavior, was one of the most important characteristics during the Anglo-Saxon era. The fable Beowulf depicted many virtues of the times. Beowulf holds his morals and virtues above all else, from the way he fought in battle until the day he died.Beowulf showed his awarding as he traveled from his homeland to battle the vicious monster Grendel, who was terrorizing the Danes. Grendel raided and ravaged (105) the mead hall, showing no honor by killing inebriated men in their sleep. Beowulf proved his honor by deciding to spurn all weapons(338) and fight Grendel with hand grip only(342) thus declining an upper hand on his foe. Beowulfs honor is bare again when he describes the contest between himself and his boyhood friend Breca. Beowulf and ...

Freakonomics Chapter 1 Summary Essay

In chapter one of Freakonomics, Stephen Dubner and Steven Levitt describe how when incentives are strong enough, many usually honest populate from different walks of life will carriage in order to net profit financially or climb the ladder in their careers. The authors define an incentive as a means of urging concourse to do more of a good thing or less of a bad thing. This chapter covers three varieties of incentives Economic, Social and Moral. Economic incentives motivate tidy sum with the prognosticate of money or goods. Social incentives motivate people to respond in a certain way because they care about how they will be viewed by others. Moral incentives motivate people on the basis of right and wrong. We look at four different case studies that show how these types of incentives can push people to cheat. The first case looks at ten day care centers in Israel. The centers started to fine the parents who were late picking up their children three dollars.For the weeks before the fine was added thither was an average of eight late pick-ups per week. After the fine was implemented, the number of late pick-ups increased to an average of 20 per week. The day care center was using an economical incentive for the parents to get there on time to avoid the fine and that plan failed. The authors believed this plan failed because parents felt they were expecting off their guilt and the fine was likewise low. Next we looked at the gamey stakes testing in the Chicago Public School System. The government orders high stakes testing as collapse of the No Child Left Behind law. Schools with low testing scores would be punished or shut down, and schools who did well were awarded. Teachers whose students tested badly could be fired while teachers whose students tested well would receive large bonuses. This was economic incentive for teachers to cheat because they could gain money for doing well or lose their occupancy for poor testing.Levitt developed a computer a lgorithm to look for strings of suspicious answers on standardized tests. After analyzing the data it revealed that in about fiver percent of the classrooms there was evidence of the teacher cheating one way or another. The next case study was on Sumo Wrestling controles in Japan. Sumo grappling is huge in Japan and the ranking is everything to the sumo wrestlers. Highest ranked wrestlers are treated like royalty while those who dont rank as high must tend to their superiors and do jobs that are less than desirable. The results of the data in this chapter shows that a wrestlervery well might throw a match to help his opponent maintain his current ranking, when throwing the match does not hurt or help his current ranking. There was economic and social incentive for them to cheat.A wrestler would help another out with the promise of being helped out when they needed it. It was proven that the majority of sumo wrestlers do cheat at one top dog or another. The last study was data co llected by an entrepreneur named Paul Feldman who decided to start a bagel business in the upper-case letter D.C. area. He would drop off bagels to different offices and leave a basket for the employees to drop in the money for the bagel, a sort of honor system. He unplowed track of the payments and started an accidental study on honesty.The data showed that smaller offices are more honest than larger ones. Also, someones mood could affect if they would pay or not. After reviewing his findings, Feldman believed that morale was a key factor in whether the employees were being honest. Evidently people are not above cheating, even when the gain is very low (95 cents for a bagel) and cheating appears to be more likely as the income level of customers increases. Although this is true, we now know that 87 percent of the time people are honest, even if they know they can get away with it.

Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman Essay

Willy Lo creation is often recognised as the sad hero of Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman but arguments crapper be made over against sluggard existence the contemporary hero and thus the certain hero of the butterfly. The purpose of a tragedy is to create pity and business in the audience. A handed-d protest tragedy consists of the central reference, the tragic hero, creating chaos in the community he continues in. The hero becomes tempted by something, leading to the exposure of the characters fatal flaw. The fatal flaw becomes the dominant characteristic of the hero and ultimately leads to the heros down yield and demise. After the heros devastation, at the kibosh of the tragedy, ordination is restored, leaving the audience with a sense of catharsis. Miller creates an the Statesn tragedy, as opposed to a Greek or Shakespearean. the States has neer had a king or magnificence who could represent a tragic hero in a traditional tragedy and Miller wanted to drop dead a give tongue to to the ordinary working class man, showing their lives can also be tragic.He once stated I believe that the super C man is as apt a subject for a tragedy as kings are (New York Times. 27th Feb 1949). Despite critics arguing against it being a tragedy Linda declaring attention, attention must be fin wholey paid to such a person (Page 44) recognises the tragic status of the athletics. She also highlights the importance of the ordinary working class, who a similar can be tragic heroes. The tragic hero is seen to be punished show up of proportion for one fatal mistake they make. Willys mistake is his ruling in the American Dream which he continues to chase relentlessly. His fatal flaw -his hamartia is his hazard, which leads him to suffer without the play. Willy is an un successful salesman, living in the city, struggling to incline cosmos and re-living memories which he had re see to fit his conceive ofs (Page. 2003. Page 62).Willy has bought into the Ame rican Dream, chasing it relentlessly by means ofout his life, but his trances are unrealistic. Dave Singleman, an eighty-four year old salesman, became his inspiration and role model, aft(prenominal)ward he realized selling was the greatest career a man could want (Page 63). Willy saw Singleman as recognize and adored by everybody and so his insecurity led him to fol pocket-sized the same career path, in the hope he would lead the life that Willy saw Singleman as living. Cause what could be more real than to be able to go, at the age of eighty-four and be re processed and loved and helped by so numerous people? (Page 63). Willys perception of Singleman is a misrepresent perception. Just like his perception of the American Dream, it is just an illusion. Willy fails to realise this and gain a grasp of reality, leading to his death and making him a tragic hero. Willy has lived the disparage dream he should be out in the countryside with his family, working in a c alling makin g use of his hands.He put his own capital in his living room and is oblivious to the amount of skill it takes to do such a job. Charley Yeah. Thats a piece of work. To put up a ceiling is a mystery to me. How do you do it? Willy Whats the difference? (Page 34). sluggard recognizes Willy had the wrong dreams. All, all wrong. (Page 110). However, Willy always worked hard for his family, showing courage and determination. Willy wants success to be able to s composed more period with his wife and family but is often dismissive of them, even berating Linda for acquire the wrong cheese. Why do you arrive American when I like Swiss? (Page 12). Willy is incapable of relinquishing his dream and a nonher character flaw, his pride, stands in the way of him accepting a job from Charley. What the hell are you offering me a job for? Willy (Page 33).Willys relentless avocation of his dream makes him a tragic hero. Willy was abandoned by his father and fami prevaricator at a young age. Sing leman whence became his role model and father figure. Throughout the play Willy struggles with insecurity, a result of being abandoned. During beats he relives the retiring(a) and escapes into old memories he often talks to his senior(a) brother Ben. It is not an accurate representation of his real memories of Ben it is unlikely he ever saw Ben again at all but Willy uses Ben as a voice to criticise his own life. During Willys memories Ben spends a lot of time putting Willy down and trying to leave. Havent the time, William. Ben (Page 66). Although Willys main character flaw is his insecurity he has others. Willy is often contradictory, calling Biff a lazy bum, then saying Biff is not lazy (Page 11). Willy fails to berate Biff for stealing a ball, even saying Coachll probably congratulate you on your curtain raising (Page 23).He does not reprimand Biff for his stealing, often encouraging him. Willy is contradictory, telling Biff just wanna be careful with those girls, yet h as a mistress himself (Page 21). The grounding of his affair From the darkness is heard a laughter of a woman (Page 29) turns Willys memories darker, as it was Biff finding out about the affair that caused their relationship to cash in ones chips down. Willy exaggerates his success, telling Linda he did five hundred gross in Providence and seven hundred gross in Boston and then changing to just about two hundred gross on the whole trip (Page 27). He exaggerates to boost his self confidence and fight against his insecurity. Willy has bought into the materialistic concept of the American Dream. His saw is be liked and you will never want (Page 25). . Willy believes to be successful you must be well liked, believing a man can end with diamonds here on the basis of being liked (page 68).He believes he has to be successful for Biff to love him but ironically Biff has loved him all along. Willy is a good man, proving this by showing his happiness for Bernard success Willy genuinely s hocked, pained and happy (Page 75). Despite Willy pursuing the wrong dreams he shows courage, determination and a love for his family, creating pity and sympathy in the audience. However his several flaws, the biggest of which is insecurity, lead to his demise, making him a tragic hero. A contemporary hero has qualities such as strength, honesty, piety, integrity, presumption and the courage to face up to reality. At the champt of play Biff has not managed to relinquish his fathers dreams comp cedeely. He works out on a ranch, a job he loves, but comes back every spring because of his guilt, to try and succeed in sales, a career he hates. Its a measly manner of existence (Page 16).He realises he would do better in the country and all he truly desires is to be out of doors (Page 16) but he hasnt been able to abandon his fathers dreams completely. Biff is physically attractive and could have been a top football star but his confidence has diminished. Biff Loman is lost (Page 11.) It is evident from the beginning of the play that Biff is worried about Willys struggle with reality and his past. Does he cognise Mom can hear that? (Page 20). From a young age Willy encouraged the wrong estimationls in Biff. Willy often condoned and ignored Biffs tendency to steal, rather than reprimanded. turf out up Hes not stealing anything (Page 40). Biff stole after feeling humiliated to regain a sense of power. By the end of the play Biff is honest about his stealing, even admitting he stole a suit in Kansas City and was in jail (Page 104). Stealing a pen from Ben Olivers world power forces him to realise the things he loves in the world and the stupidity of his stealing.What the hell am I grabbing this thing for? (Page 105). Biff has a moment of self-realisation at the end of the play, accepting reality and being honest about his life. He realises they have spent their lives chasing the wrong dreams and his father must abandon the American Dream. Will you take that ph ony dream and burn it before something happens? (Page 106). He tries to force the rest of his family into facing reality, managing to force Willy into face it for a brief moment. Willy refuses to let go, relinquishing the chance to become the true hero, and remaining the tragic hero of Death of a Salesman. Biff had always been conceited, a result of Willys continual praise Good work, Biff (Page 22) throughout his youth, when they had a great relationship, until Biff found out about Willys affair.However, by the end of the play Biff realises hes a dime a dozen (Page 105), ridding himself of the self-superiority he has spent years carrying around. He understands Willy spent so much time measure him that he became egotistical. I never got anywhere because you blew me so full of hot air that I could never stand taking orders from anybody (Page 104). Biff realises his arrogance, facing up to reality, admitting he is not a loss leader of men (Page 105). Biff has always felt some rel uctance to follow the American Dream. By the end of the play he realises Willy and the Lowman family had always been chasing the wrong dreams and he faces and accepts reality. He accepts he was never anything more than a shipping clerk and realises his family have been living in a fantasy world. Weve been talking in a dream for fifteen years (Page 82). Biff finds self-assurance, and is comfortable with who he is. I know who I am, kid (Page 111).He matures and faces up to the world of reality. Biff finds his identity, faces reality, is honest about his life and finds a personal, as well as physical strength. He shows a lot of the qualities found in a contemporary hero. Miller uses expressionism and realism in Death of a Salesman. Realism accurately portrays characters and situations through human characteristics and language, costumes, and sets. Expressionism is concerned with portraying the inner emotions and psychology of a character. Dialogue tends to become more poetic and light ing is used to create atmosphere in expressionism. Realism looks at the objectiveive expressionism looks at the subjective. Miller uses realism in the play through the life-like sets, the realistic American-English language and the typical costumes. Expressionism is used when Willy is re-living the past, reinterpreting memories to suit him he often lives in this world. He is happier in his past memories, before the affair and before his and Biffs relationship broke down. Willy often tries to escape to the past and into expressionism.Realism and the present are too painful for Willy as he has to live with his strained relationship with Biff, his failure as a salesman, and his guilt of an affair. Happy has been influenced by Willy to chase the American Dream but does not pursue it to Willys extent, ruling him out as the tragic hero. He is not as successful as he would like to be. All I can get do is wait for the merchandise manager to die (Page 17). He sleeps with women to avenge men who have surpassed him on the career path homogeneous to Biff seeking revenge on those who have humiliated him by stealing. Happy lives in the Loman dream world, refusing to face reality. He is happy to allow Willy to live in a dream world, to carry on humoring him. Sure, have lunch tomorrow (Page 88). Even after Willys death Happy is ineffective to relinquish Willys desire to fulfill the American Dream. Im gonna show you and everybody else that Willy Lowman did not die in vain (Page 111).Happy appears to be jealous of Biff being Willys favorite How do you like that damned fool (Page 47). This could be a possible reason why he follows the dream to seek his fathers approval. Linda unwaveringly defends Willy and excuses his behavior, which only keeps Willy trapped in his destructive dream. Millers opening stage directions suggest Willy creates and structures Lindas ideals for her his big dreams and little crueltieslongings which she shares, but lacks the temperament to utter and follow to the end (Page . Linda is the mediator of the family, often discovering the reasons behind Willys cruelties whilst mediating. She adores Willy but kindness such as buying him special cheese is just thrown back in her face, something she accepts without argument. Linda knows Willy has impossible dreams, but unlike Biff she cannot bring herself to acknowledge the fact. Linda will not allow Willys dreams to be crushed because he is the dearest man in the world (Page 43) to her and she will not have anyone making him feel unwanted and low and blue (Page 43).What she does not realise is by leaving Willy to continue chasing his dreams, he will become a tragic hero (Page. 2003. Page 71-73). Willy is a tragic hero he continues to chase his dreams relentlessly failing to recognise he should be in a job making use of his hands, living in the country. Willy only saw a warped perception of Singlemans life, Willys inspiration, role model and father figure, after his father and brother abandoned him. Willy uses Bens voice to criticise himself in his reinterpreted memories. His abandonment led to his insecurity, leading to his death. His insecurity led to his affair, which led to the breakdown of the relationship between him and his son, Biff.Despite Willys flaws, he loves his family and shows he is a good man, inspiring pity and sympathy in the audience, provoking sadness with his death, making him a tragic hero in the traditional sense, but not the true hero. Biff could have been a top football star and is physically strong. He is courageous he is the only member of the Loman family at the break through of the play to have partly relinquished the American Dream and by the end he has completely relinquished it. He faces reality and attempts to make his family face it to, even managing to make Willy face it for a brief moment. He is finally honest about his life his career and his stealing. He shows morality and integrity. One of the hardest things to do in life is to face up to reality and Biff alone manages to do this making him the true hero of Death of a Salesman.Is Biff the true hero of death of a salesmanThe question posed here, Is Biff the true hero of death of a salesman asks the writer to asses weather or not Biff is the true hero of Death of a salesman as oppose to Willy Lowmans role given to him by the author A.Miller as being the tragic hero.Miller broke from the norm of traditional characterization when creating the character Willy Lowman, in that the archetypal Tragic hero had to be a descendant of nobility or aristocratic decent, whos demise affects not just those close to him but a group of people e.g a population, state of notoriety or kingdom. America had never had the Kings and Queens that a traditional tragedy had historically needed, Millers intention was to show how the common working class man could be shown to be a tragic hero and an American tragic hero as oppose to a Greek or Shakespearian one. Linda becomes Miller s voice in the play attention, attention must be finally paid to such a person (Page 44) showing that in Millers eyes a regular person can and should be seen as a tragic hero.Biff in Death of as salesman must be seen to be the main booster rocket due to his ability to see the proverbial holes in the proverbial fabric of not only his, Willys and all the Lowmans lives but also the holes that people fall through in pursuit of a dream. The dream in this case being Millers idea of the American dream. The idea of the American dream stems from the notion that America is or was the land of opportunity a bountiful land of infinite horizons and opportunities waiting to be explored and taken. Miller paints Biff as a character who initially buys into his farther idealistic view that a well liked person will have doors opened for them, in this sense Willy felt that the reputation of a person directly reflected its self in sales figures which translates directly in to wealth which he would use t o translate into time spend more time with his family showing that Willy was a good man whos goal was for the well being of his loved ones, its just that his dream was wrong, all wrong.This idea of the acquirement of wealth and being well liked (not to suggest that to be well liked should be avoided, but to actively seek it out above all else can bare negative connotations) detracts Willy from the main goal in anyones life to be happy and develop a sense of fullness through honest self discovery. Given that at the time of Millers play the idea of the American dream was tarnished only by a few American writers of that the time and was still a prevalent driving force in American society a relatively young society, Miller Gives the reader the sense that this dream or the pursuit of it is not the only dream or even the right dream for all people.In the United States Declaration of Independence listed among the infrangible rights is written We hold these truths to be selfevident, That a ll men are created equal, That they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, That among these are Life, shore leave and the pursuit of Happiness, This extract from the defining piece of American literary history supports Millers character Biff Lowmans idea of discovering ones self in America as oppose to simply discovering wealth. Willys dream was not him, it was not who he was or what he wanted to do. Willies own American dream was lived through the idea of acquisition of wealth and gaining notoriety as oppose to finding his own dream and perusing it.Biff buying into his fathers dream goes to see Oliver with the intention of getting twenty thousand dollars in-order to set up in business with his brother happy however Biff sitting in Olivers office realizes that he never has been a sales man nor was it his intention to be one, How the hell did I ever get the idea I was a salesman there? (Page 82) it was his fathers dream. Bill Oliver doesnt recognize Biff and in the frustration of the realization he had lied to himself Biff takes Olivers pen.The taking of this pen is symbolic in the sense that Biff has always been overly praised by his farther giving him an over inflated ego, he was never told not to steal and Willy often praised him for it Shut up Hes not stealing anything (Page 40) in addition the taking of the pen by Biff at the office of Mr Oliver can also be seen as Biff taking something for himself, something physical, from a life in which he feels he plays no real part, the act of taking the fountain pen, something physical, sees this object become the reparations he seeks from following his farther faulty ideals and beliefs. Towards the end of the play this acceptance of stealing becomes more prevalent when he admits he stole a suit and spent time in prision for the theft. Biff is the only one who voices his opinion that they had been following the wrong dream realizing he was not a leader of men and that he was good, like willy, with his hands and he should be out west being practical building something or working as a farm hand.Willies adoration of Dave Singleman a man he met whilst a traveling salesman is one of a warped view. Singleman becomes a farther figure, role model and semen of inspiration for Willy, Cause what could be more satisfying than to be able to go, at the age of eighty-four and be remembered and loved and helped by so many people? (Page 63). The name Dave Singleman however can be seen to imply Singleman is a single man a man who lives out of a suitcase contemptible from hotel to hotel in solitude and isolation. The characteristics of this interpretation of Singleman Willies role model seem reflect on Willie in his life, adopting the idea of a salesman who is well liked will be a success however once again this is the wrong dream for Willie to be following.At the time Biff catches Willie his farther with another woman he is going to Willie for help, to see if he can speak to his maths teacher to get him to bump up his mark so that he could win and take up his college football scholarship, he goes expecting his farther the well liked salesman with all the charm and charisma in the world to be able to get him out of having to re-sit his exam however he comes to realize Willie is not who he makes himself out to be when he uncovers this deception, Biff Dont touch me you liar Willy Apologize for that Biff You fake You phony little fake You fake from this moment on Biff starts to se Willie for who and what he truly is and most importantly seeing his fathers flaws, this is important because it allows biff later in life to see through the vie en rose and deluded image that Willie tries to purvey thus allowing him to start to discover ad pursue his own dream.Willie believes he has to be successful for Biff to love him but Biff rather ironically has loved him all along which Willie realizes at the end of the play when Biff breaks down and cries in front of him to which he says isnt that isnt that remarkable? Biff he like me (Page 106). This realization however does not detract Willie from his mission to take his own life, shortly after he has another delusion of Ben (the delusion of him being his older and more successful brother although he had not seen his brother since he had left him in thier youth) this shows that Willie has gone too far in his mental humiliation when his conversation with Ben even after his realization with Biff spurs him on even more to take his own life.Ben says to Willie that the jungle is dark but full of diamonds (page 106) suggesting that willies death is the dark jungle and that from his death he will receive diamonds, the diamonds in this case being insurance money the family more notably Biff was to receive from his death, money that he would have left to biff to start up a business, once again this shows that Willy still cant see what Biff was trying to say to him and that he was never going to give up on the p ursuit of his dream.Biff up on returning home after he and happy had left Willy in the chop house realises he must be honest with his farther about who he is in order to realise his dreams Biff- Pop Im a dime a dozen, and so are you, Willy I am not a dime a dozen I am Willy Lowman and you are Biff Lowman, Biff I am not a leader of men, Willy, and neither are you. For Biff it is in renouncing Willy and willies dreams that he becomes free to dictate his own future and it is here that for the first time in his life completely rids himself of the oppressive shackles of willies dreams. This can be interpreted also as the death of Biff as the sales man, the death of his affiliation and obligation to willies ideologies allowing him to be free to start his new life out west, bringing new life withe the death of an old one, the death of a salesman.In conclusion since Biff is the only member of the family to renounce Willys idea of the American dream with the addition of realizing his own d ream and what he must do to peruse it, Biff therefor must be seen to be the true hero. It must be added also that the American dream can still apply to Biffs pursuit only Biffs pursuit as stated in the American constitution is a pursuit of happiness the happiness Willie never managed to gain for himself or his family by following his own American dream.

Pros and Cons of Ethical Theories

Ethical Theories- Pros and Cons Katherine Bryson ETH/316 October 15, 2012 Mark Cobia Ethical Theories- Pros and Cons The similarities between the virtue surmisal, the utilitarianism surmise and deontological theory are that they e rattling(prenominal) support good and responsibility. Virtue theory not only concentrates on how an individual acts but also what a psyche should strive to be, for example a religious figure may personify perfection when in the public when they really should strive for that perfection at all times. The deontological theory states that people have a moral obligation to follow certain principles. I liken this to the Ten Commandments, rules or principles that we all are judge to follow. The utilitarian theories, as supported by John Stuart Mill, call for generating the greatest aggregate good for the greatest number of people. One major benefit of such theories is that they take consequences into account. They seek specifically to promote the human good as a whole. They also provide guidance for behavior, enabling people to know what qualifies as the moral choice. I will again use the religious area as an example because to me this is what the religious leaders do.They preach to the multitudes to be good and do good and they also offer guidance. The differences between virtue theory, utilitarian and decontological are that virtue ethics cannot generate specific rules to guide behavior. Under the utilitarian theory only total human good or happiness matters. Deontological theories do not always clarify how to rank duties. I lived in a very small community where everyone knew everyone and we all thought we were living the life of good moral standards and values, until one day I saw a very great member of the community, enter an establishment that everyone knew was a hangout for drug users.This person was there for a long time and when they came out you could tell they were under the influence. instantly according to the deontol ogy theory it was my obligation to report this person to the proper authorities, but I fell short because it meant the demise of a family.References Ridley, Aaron. 1998. Beginning Bioethics. New York St. Martins Press http//www. bio. davidson. edu/people/kabernd/Indep/carainbow/Theories. htm http//www. ehow. com/info_8404891_pros-cons-ethical-theories. html

Maintain Your Ideal Weight Without Losing Your Mind

Within the last decade, lading has fabricate an obsession for most Americans. Yet, most hoi polloi try dieting and still find themselves fluctuating in weight. Diets proceed because they are a short term fix. They often restrict a people of viands to get fast results. When one comes off a diet, weight rapidly packs back on. What most people do not know is that maintaining archetype weight is a lifestyle change with an appropriate frame in mind. In order to lose and maintain weight, people need to undergo a lifestyle change, not a short term fix.Choosing the right foods to eat is an essential factor in losing and maintaining proper weight. The best foods are natural. Processed foods often prosecute too long for our bodies to break down, causing slow digestion, which burns fewer calories. Therefore taking in foods that aid digestion is significant. The perfect example is the food pyramid. Although it recommends that fruit and vegetables be taken in moderation I have found tha t snacking on them when I am hungry, without condiments, is not a problem.High-protein foods are angel because protein nourishes muscles that eat away at fat. When choosing breads, whole wheat and multigrain breads are best they have more fiber and protein than white breads. At first, they may taste liquid but they are fulfilling and promote digestion. The more one feels satisfied with the foods they eat the more likely they are to maintain their healthy eating habits. Most importantly, one should not resist any type of food because it eventually causes a food binge.When craving junk food, it is fine to have a taste or two of it with moderation. It is impossible to completely avoid what generations have grown to love. Eating junk food can be like an addiction one lento has to wane themselves out of it. Food should be considered as a daily nutritional value and not as a short term solution. The split second key is, maintaining an active lifestyle. Being active can increase metabo lism which burns calories. The more calories one burns the less likely they are to stock fat.The ideal way of dealing with this matter would be to exercise however, many of us do not have time to fit it into our busy lives. retention fit does not have to be a something we add to our schedules instead it can be a parting of them. On the other hand, we have become a society dependent on technology. Although it is useful, it also makes us fat. If we chose to meet with a friend face to face instead of using mediated communication, we would take a lot more steps in life.Even simple things like taking the stairs instead of an elevator can be considered as part of an active lifestyle. Wanting to lose weight cannot become a problem in life. You want to lose and maintain proper weight without it controlling your life. Diets fail because they are a short term fix. They often restrict a lot of food to get fast results. When one comes off a diet, weight rapidly packs back on. It is simple, b ut often not easy, in order to lose and maintain proper weight one has to make some adjustments to their lifestyles.

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down

Final Paper The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down By Anne Fadiman Meghan Maloney 26 April 2013 To understand the struggles that the Hmong lot face existent in America it is important to understand where they come from and what they build gone through. The majority of the Hmong people originate from the mountainous country of Laos. The mountains created isolation from the neighboring cultures and civilized a clan identity. They were part of a society where everyone worked to clearher and lived off the land. They also practiced oral tradition since they could not read or compose any language.Unfortunately, in the 1960s Laos became the battlefield for the Vietnam War. The land was destroyed and the Hmong were forced to move or fight. Many evacuated while many were trained and armed by the U. S. as a secret guerrilla army. During this time of war, the Hmong lost all self-sufficiency, and became dependent on the U. S. for food as fountainhead as survival. An exodus of Hmong from L aos to Thailand was the remnant of many. The Hmong were hunted and forced to leave everything behind. The clan identity was left behind as well for it was everyman for himself. Those that were lucky enough to make it to Thailand were faced with immersion.The Hmong saw assimilation as an insult and a threat to their culture. In order to resist oppression, the Hmong took the United States promise of land and government support, and moved to America. so far resisting assimilation in the U. S. , the Hmong were faced with culture shock. One of the biggest differences between Hmong culture and Ameri suffer culture is the practice of medicine. Anne Fadiman in The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down tells this jolt as the story of Lia downwind and her American doctors. Lia Lee is a Hmong child that was born in the U. S. n July 19, 1982, after her parents, Foua and Nao Kao Lee, moved to America. She was delivered at a infirmary in Merced, California they way Americans think is normal-o n a metal table, scissors to snip the placenta, washing the baby with soap, and driftting the baby in a heat box. Normal childbirth for the Hmong would be the mother pulling the baby out herself in silence on the dirt floor of their hut and then hide the placenta under the house. The Hmong believe that when you die your soul will come back to get your placenta. When Lia was three months old, her sister, Yer, slammed the front door in her face.Moments later Lias eye rolled up, her arms flailed over her head, and she fainted. Lias parents believe that the noise of the door had been so frightening that her soul fled her body and became lost. The resulting symptoms are recognized as falling off Dab Peg, The spirit catches you and you fall down. Having drop-off Dab Peg gives the person the power to perceive things others cannot see, and is a prerequisite for the journey into the realm of the unseen. Quag Dab Peg is considered an honor and blessing in Hmong culture. It allows the per son the opportunity of becoming a txiv neeb, or spirit healer.It also confers an enormous amount of amicable status in the community because the txiv neeb is seen as a person of high moral character since the spirit chose them. In Hmong culture, saving face is of high importance. Foua and Nao Kao Lee brought Lia to Merced Community Medical Center (MCMC) after she had 20 of what Americans call seizures. At times, the Lees believed that Lias epilepsy wasnt as much of a medical problem as a gift. The Hmong believed in shamanistic animism, which asserts that malevolent spirits are constantly seeking human souls, especially those of vulnerable or unloved children.Their hope was that if the spirits firm to keep hold of Lia, that long-term she would become a tvix neeb, and if she did not become a tvix neeb, then their hope was that the sickness would be short-term. The American doctors in MCMC view the Hmong as problematic perseverings and were not empathetic with the traditional Hmong lifestyles. Because there are no interpreters, communication is always an issue, they bring lots of family members with them as well as animals, and they make loud noises. When Foua and Nao Kao arrived at MCMC Lia had stopped seizing and was coughing.The doctors were forced to as they put it practice veterinary medicine since they couldnt talk with the Lees, and hardened Lia for her cough. They diagnosed Lia with early bronchiopneumonia because she exhibited those symptoms. The doctors had no way of knowing that the bronchial congestion was caused by aspiration of saliva or vomit during her seizure without trying to communicate with the Lees. The doctors put a pen and paper in front of the Lees and had them scribble on it. The doctors assumed the Lees would be able to buy and administer the medications that the paper described in detail.In reality the Lees had no idea what they just signed and walked out. This same situation happened a few more times until one time the Lees brought Lia in when she was keep mum seizing and Dr. Dan Murphy was on shift. Dr. Murphy had some knowledge of the Hmong and could certainly diagnose her with epilepsy. In Hmong-English dictionaries Quad Dab Peg translates to epilepsy. Lees parents and the American doctors both knew what indisposition she had but to different cultures it meant different things. As stated above, in Hmong culture it was a privilege and was caused by Lia losing her soul.In American culture, we believe epilepsy is caused by a irregular malfunction of the brain due to a head injury, tumor, infection, etc. We view it as a disease and that it needs to be taken care of by handsome the person anticonvulsant drugs since there is no cure. This is just what Dr. Murphy did. Lia was discharged with specific instructions on what medications to take, how much of each, and what time of day they were to be taken. Considering Hmong go intot stomach the same time keeping system as Americans, cant read, dont know how to measure medicine, and dont believe in all this medication, Lia did not set out any medication.The Lees believed a txiv neeb could help Lia, so they had one come over and sacrificed a scare for her. It did not help and the American doctors continued to see Lia not getting better when her parents kept bringing her to MCMC. The American doctors thought that because Lia had no levels of medication in her blood her parents were guilty of child abuse. If they would have seen how much the Lees loved and cared for Lia at home they would have known this was not the case. Instead, they got the government involved and took Lia from the Lees and sent her to a foster home.The Lees welcomed Lia home after a year apart and lots of work with a social worker, Jeanine, whom was very interested in the Hmong and helped with administering the seizure medications. Hmong have many customs and folkways that are contradicted by those of the American mainstream and medical communities for example, upon Lia s arrival home her parents sacrificed a cow to propitiate ancestors and cure her illness. They performed traditional Hmong medial practices like coin rubbing, pinching Lia, gave her an herb necklace, and tried changing Lias name so that the spirit would leave her body and not be able to honour her.On Nov. 25, 1986 not long after be home, Lia had other seizure episode. After ten minutes had passed, Foua and Nao Kao got in touch with their nephew who could speak enough English to get an ambulance. By calling for an ambulance Lia was given more attention upon arrival in the emergency room, but it delayed her treatment. Lia continued to seize for devil hours and was barely breathing. A twenty-minute bout of status elipticus is considered life threatening. Lia was transferred to Fresno Intensive Care Unit for Pediatrics.Foua and Nao Kao thought that Lia was being transferred because the doctor at MCMC was going on vacation, but in item it was because Fresno had a pediatric unit. At Fresno Lia was diagnosed with septic shock, the result of a bacterial invasion of the circulatory system that triggers the failure of one organ after another starting with the lungs and then moving to the brain. She also developed a condition in which her blood cannot clot. Lias EEG was flat. She had no brain activity left. The doctors decided to discontinue the anticonvulsants because she was dead to them.The doctors explained that her seizure medicines lowered her immune system responses, which allowed a bacterium to take over and stop brain activity. Foua and Nao Kao were somewhat right the doctors were giving too much medicine and not enough neeb. It is most likely though that if the Lees were still in Laos, Lia would have died before she was out of her infancy, from a elongate bout of untreated status epilepticus. Foua and Nao Kao finally got permission to bring their daughter home as they had been insisting the all told time. Lia went home on Dec. , 1986 as a quadriplegic, s pastic, incontinent, incapable of purposeful movement, and in a persistent vegetative state. To Lias parents she went home as their little princess that they loved with all their heart. At home, Lias parents adored her and never left her side. They fed her teas from powdered roots and herbs, made several pig sacrifices, and bathed and dressed her multiple times a day. Because of the quality care Lia was receiving, she was shelter and her medical check-ups decreased. Lia did not die but did not recover.Examination of this unfortunate story of a clash of two cultures has led to the discovery of what can be through to facilitate cooperation between cultures. Dr. Arthur Kleinman from Harvard Medical School designed a series of eight questions to elicit a patients explanatory model and alter the understanding of other cultures. The questions include What do you call the problem? Why do you think it started when it did? What kind of treatment do you think the patient should receive? Wh at do you fear most about the sickness?If the doctors at MCMC had taken the time to find a translator and sit down with the Lees to ask these questions, Lia cleverness not be in a vegetative state. Other suggestions that could have aided in cooperation between the doctors and patients are female doctors for female patients, involvement of the patients families in all decisions, the use of interpreters who are both bilingual and bicultural, and the practice of conjoint treatment. The doctor using Western allopathic medicine can cure the disease but the indigenous healer heals the illness. This strategy promotes trust between the cultures.One persons worldviews should not dominate anothers because they come up it is right. We need to realize our view of reality is only a view, not reality itself. In the U. S. , the medical community rarely has ways to communicate with people of cultures so radically different from mainstream American culture even a good translator will find it diffi cult interpreting concepts between the two different cultures world-concepts. Doctors need to be able to transcend culture and practice cultural responsiveness where they listen to patients and respond to them both as members of their cultures and as un-stereotyped individuals.A whole doctor-whole-patient approach is imperative Ask not what disease the person has but rather what person the disease has. I am glad to hear that we have been moving in this direction as an American culture since 1995. Medicine in the U. S has been teaching students to separate emotions from the patient dissociation is part of the job. In the last decade, efforts have been made to correct this way of thinking, and realize you are treating another human being not a universifiable body. Classes incorporating culture studies are being required as part of medical school and undergraduate school curriculum as well.

Asian American issue

Asian Americans have engaged on the issue of sexuality. It started with the analogous sex marriage ordeal in how-do-you-do in the 1990s. identical sex marriage has been a regular ongoing debate and Asian American became involved since the 1998 ballot in Hawaii. In Hawaii there was vast debate between many groups. First off, The Japanese American Citizens League in 1994 decided to affirm its commitment to support the basic human mature of marriage which included the right to marry for same-sex couples.In Helen Zias book Asian American Dreams, JACL were concerned about protecting civil and constitutional rights, whereas the general populace of Hawaii was not. This was the first national civil rights membership organization to publicly and actively adopt this position, and has continue to be the forefront for advocating same sex marriage. The JACL tried to barf this as a political issue rather than a moral issue. Discrimination was the big factor of this.They linked the idea of sam e-sex arriage to internment camps and the redress driving force (Barney Frank). The moral issue of this was that people says that same sex marriage is against religious belief but the US Amendment says that religion and state are separate so that this should not be a factor. This lead to the ballet initiative 2 in 1998 in Hawaii. Amendment to ban same sex marriage. The yes vote was no to homosexual marriage and the no vote was yes to gay marriage. (Which made it a little confusing). A bunch of interest group played a big exercise in this.The movement to legalize same sex marriage failed in Hawaii because of how much the impacts of special interest groups. First off, JACL interest group voted no based on discrimination. The Japanese in Hawaii voted no as a block. Native Americans voted Yes on this ballet because they believed it would affect tourism and threaten sovereignty. The homophile(a)/Lesbian voted no obviously base on their self interest discrimination. The Religious gr oup voted yes on this because marriage in their religion is said to be a man and a women.And last, the land developers voted yes for their own self interest for real estate reason. The outcome of this was Yes 70% and No 30%. The gap in this was huge because of many reasons. The lobbing money of the Yes group helped. The moral vs the political debate played a huge role and the moral framing won because of the same sex was looked at as inappropriate. Morally, those groups Just believed man-women was what marriage is even though they do not seem themselves Just discriminating in some other way.

A Positive View on Social Media and Facebook Essay

Over one billion people worldwide use or puddle a profile on some sort of social media. Facebook is one form of social media that leads the charge. Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows users to locate and meet with old friends, join groups of members that share your same interests, do research, and entertain themselves through the use of a variety of applications embedded within the website.Every so practically we feel the urge to locate old friends that we seduce not been in touch with in a long time. We just type in their evoke and see what comes up. One day my wife looked up an old friend of mine, capital of Minnesota Z. and found a man about the right age. She thought at first it was someone else because with age we all look different. Looking back at her was an older man with grey hair and a beard, something that neither Paul nor I had the last time we had seen each other. So she started to go through pictures and started seeing familiar faces, p ictures from the past that was our past too. She immediately requested that they become friends on Facebook knowing that this was our friend from years ago. The request was accepted and our friendship was reunited again. After Facebook and my wife reunited two old friends I started to look at Facebook for other ideas on who to try and communicate with. Old classmates came to mind and it just so happens that Facebook provides a tool for reuniting classmates on the website.After about ten minutes or so of answering a few simple questions about where I went to school and when, I logged off and went about my business. About two or three long time later I started getting responses. At first I didnt sleep with anybody, but then after a little research, yearbooks mostly, I started to recognize some of the names and memories followed. I have since been in touch with a couple of classmates from as far back as second and third grade, an dreadful feat since second and third grade was in 19 66 and 1967. I now get invitations to class reunions and other tied(p)ts that I never had before. Although I havent attended one yet, maybe someday I will. Another part of Facebook that I thoroughly enjoy, are all the groups that are available to join and string up out with. The Navy is just one of the many groups that I belong to.There I get to chat and share the many memories I have from my time in the service. Some are really great, desire the time I got to ride a camel in front of the main Pyramid in Egypt, except when it spit on me, that wasnt fun. Or the time I rode a Gondola in Venice down the waterways. And some not so great, like 1991 in the Persian Gulf or rescuing refugees off the coast of Haiti. But all are memories I love to share with old shipmates and Facebook makes it possible. Genealogy is a subject that has interested me for years. One of the greatest challenges I have found, is how to quickly and accurately research the randomness I need on members of my famil y. I even subscribed to an online genealogy website. Where, for $30.00 per month, I could do all the research I wanted.This soon became more than I could fit into my budget, so I started to look for some other way. I saw an advertisement on Facebook for a new application called Family Tree, an online web app that allows family members to input their own family information and merge it into an existing family tree. It also allows each family member to visit and update their own part of the tree as often as they like. I signed up and started to enter information about my own immediate family and forwarded requests for other members of my family to join. The response was amazing. To date my family has placed 1,288 entries into the family tree and it continues to grow every day.Although groups, family history research, locating long lost friends takes up a lot of time, I still try to find ways to amuse myself on the computer. Facebook stack do that too. There are literally hundreds o f games that you can play either by yourself or with family and friends. CityVille 2 is the one that I am currently involved in socially. I havent started any individual games yet, but I will eventually. Games are not the only forms of entertainment provided by Facebook. The posts that all of my friends place on the site can be hilarious.I am constantly looking at all of the photos and videos that have been posted and at times they can be pretty entertaining as well. All things considered, there are many ways to communicate with family, friends and classmates. Newer forms of social media, like Facebook give us a significantly more effective and in most cases, less expensive way to stay in touch with the people that mean the most to us. It can also provide tools for exploring new and elicit ways to entertain ourselves, research your family history by starting a family tree, or join a group that shares your interests. The opportunities are endless.

Henry V coursework ~ War criminal or Hero? Essay

total heat V is known as an ideal poove and Shakespeargon presents him as a great strugglef arerior. The writer shows this by ma poof him have inspirational leadership qualities as well as being able to relate to ordinary multitude. heat content takes his responsibilities actually seriously and is very just and just. The fairy is deeply religious, however, he can be ruthless. Overall total heat is regarded as a national hero.Firstly, atomic number 1 has a range of reasons why he declares war on France. I signify the main reason is to follow his fathers advice and unite the orbit. An example of this is on his deathbed and he recites officious giddy minds with foreign quarrels, this shows the country needs uniting and to do this he should start a war with a foreign country.The next reason is to cognise up to his ancestors and be glorified like them. This is shown by Canterbury when he states, Invoke his warlike spirit, your great uncles, Edward the black prince and Look back to your in good order ancestors. This shows he has to live up to his ancestors and be as good as them.Thirdly, hydrogen feels he has a strong cry for the throne. For instance, he feels he has a rubric beca apply of his great grandm different and goes to Canterbury to find break through. He asks Canterbury if he deserves it, when he says Justly and retigiously unf one-time(a), why the salic law . or should or should not bar us in our claim/ heat content feels he has the right solely must be absolutely sure not to draw in a false claim. He doesnt fatality mens lives on his conscience.Then another(prenominal) reason is people expect him to. An illustration of this is when Exeter says, your brothers mightinesss and monarchs of the earth do all expect that you should rouse yourself. As a king he is expected to take charge of his country and claim what could be a great venture.Also, the church offers to pay. For example, when Canterbury states, In aid where of we of the sp irituality, will raise your highness such a mighty sum, as never did the clergy at one time. The church feel they should help pay and offer, so Henry doesnt have to pay and so qualifying to war wouldnt cost him any amour.Finally, the Dauphin insults him by sending him a chest of tennis balls. The king has already decided to go to war unless this just arrive ats him more determined. Henrys voice is calm and sarcastic when he says, we are felicitous the Dauphin is so pleasant with us. As he says this, it gets louder and louder, working into a crescendo. He in addition makes a destination, where he is talking near war like a tennis match, using metaphors. He also uses a mess of repetition at this point to emphasise what he is saying. This just makes Henry rase angrier persuading him to go to war.So overall Henry has very strong reasons to go to war with France.However, before breathing pop out to war, Henry seeked advice for the Salic law. This indicates he takes his respons ibilities very seriously. Henry seeks advice, as he doesnt want to go to war without good reason. The king shows this when he is talking to Canterbury as he says, for never two such kingdoms did spot with out much fall of blood, whose guiltless drops. He tells Canterbury to be careful because he doesnt want an illegal war. Henry takes this so seriously as he doesnt want his soldiers to lose their lives unnecessarily and doesnt want their lives on his conscience.Prior to that, Henry also leaves part of his army in England to deem against an invasion from Scotland. This is illustrated when the king goes we must not only arm tinvade the french against the Scots who will make road upon us with all advantages. This shows that Henry is taking all precautions to protect his country from all aspects.Another example of Henry taking his responsibilities seriously is when he executes his three friends Cambridge, Scroop, grizzly and an old friend Bardolf. Henry executes Bardolf as an exam ple to his men and to the cut. It shows what type of king they can expect. Henry executes Cambridge, Scroop and grayness as they were not only plotting to kill Henry but tried to let on everyone in England. This shows Henry isnt afraid to take catchy decisions as they were his friends but executed them for his country. Henry takes his responsibilities seriously for his country.Thirdly, in the scripts of Henry V it shows Henry as a religious man, which leads me to believe he isnt a war criminal.To show that Henry is religious, Shakespeare uses constant references to God in his speeches throughout the play. Also Henry says to the french ambassador, who was sent to England with an insulting gift of tennis balls, that we are no tyrant but Christian king. This shows he is religious in his own eyes.In addition to this, Henry asks two priests, Canterbury and Ely to explain the salic law, which allows people to inherit the throne only through men and not women but Henry wants to inher it the French throne through his great grandmother which the French claim cannot be make. Henry asks Canterbury and Ely for advice and asks them justly and conscientiously, whether he can claim the French throne or not.More importantly he has to make sure he does not want his soldiers lives on his conscience.Further more, the night before Agincourt, Henry prays to God. He feels he has to apologise for his fathers crime of murdering Richard II and computes God may take deuced on his soldiers and prays he doesnt. He asks God to look after him and his mens lives and not change state against them at skirmish.Later on, after the battle of Agincourt, Henry thanks God by saying praised it be God and not our strength for it. This shows he feels that without God they wouldnt have won the battle. That their strength couldnt have done it without help. Henry dedicates the victory to God.Next reason is that Henry is a inspirational leader. This is revealed by the countrys reaction to war. For instance when describing the motion-picture show, chorus states now all the youth of England are on fire. This illustrates the country is uniting which was the advice Henry was given by his father on his deathbed.It is also shown in Henrys speeches. In the speech, Harfleur, Henry gives the men something to fight for as he talks to them as though they are all equal and making them remember there fathers to fight as good as them. The king tells them they will all become role models for people who havent got courage. Henry is expressing his confidence in them. Henry uses similes like greyhounds are hunting the enemies, which is what the soldiers are doing to the French. Henry right at the end shouts a battle cry, which inspires the men even more. Overall Henry was trying to make them feel good about themselves and not like bad war warriors.In the speech, Agincourt, Henry uses the same techniques in the Harfleur speech. Henry uses a public display of confidence to boost their cour age. Henry tells his soldiers that they will get a lot of rain cloud and that they will be remembered. He tells them they are all equal and that they will all bond together. Henry in his speech is not forcing them to do anything they dont want. Henry tells them they are very special. Henry works the speech into a crescendo, getting louder and louder, making the men get more positive as it goes on. This does the same effect as the Harfleur speeches making the men want to fight.Also, Henry leads by example. This shown in the Agincourt speech and the night before, as when the king was in disguise he said, I myself heard the king say he would not be ransomed. Also the king tells the Herald just before the battle to leave them alone as he would not be ransomed.As well as that, Henry shares hardships of his men as he makes them feel all equal. Henry feels and acts just like them, common humanity. This is shown in the speeches and the night before Agincourt, where he says I envisage the king is but a man as I am. Henry fights with his men and doesnt sit back and watch. He feels he should go to battle aswel, making him and his men more equal.Also Henry is very fair and just, this is shown as the king is responsible for the order and peace of his kingdom and Henry deals with this correctly, as he gives the country a permanent and fair government. There are two examples of Henry upholding the law.The offset is shown in the execution of Bardolph as Henry is operating martial law, no trial. He executes Bardolph as he robbed a French church and he wants to set an example to his soldiers and to the French. This is to show what kind of king he can be to the French citizens.The imprimatur example is the execution of Cambridge, Scroop and Gray. This is where three friends of Henry try to en hazard him and the whole country, They get executed because they could ruin the whole country, so the act is not of vengeance and he is not using the law as his private means of reven ge. The three traitors beg for mercy but the king ignores this, as he cannot free someone for doing a crime as everyone may start doing it.Both of these decisions are very difficult for Henry to make as they are his friends but he takes his responsibilities and the law very seriously. This shows he is fair in giving equal treatment to everyone.All that I have mentioned above are show Henry in a positive light and are good characteristics for an ideal king who takes his responsibilities seriously. However, the other side to Henry, the ruthlessness, doesnt show him as an inspirational king. Henry does certain things in the play, which would be conception of as disputable today.Henry is very ruthless. For example, when Henry sets the trap for the three traitors Cambridge, Scroop and Gray. He plays with them making them think they are getting their commissions for the army but instead they are being given death warrants. This shows hammy irony as the only three people it mainly con cerns doesnt know whats going on. Henry uses ironic words throughout the scene like kind and gentle knight. The scene is very ambiguous as he is making them believe that he doesnt suspect them as they are close friends but truly Henry is saying he is going to sort out the traitors, basically they think they are safe but they are not.There are a lot of veiled threats given by the king but are missed by Cambridge, Scroop and Gray. The three traitors use a lot of hypocrisy as they declare their loyalty which is known by us, doesnt exist. Cambridge, Scroop and Gray make it worse for themselves as they say that Henry should punish a man for a lower-ranking crime, as everyone will do it otherwise. So this shows for a big crime like treason he cannot be merciful. They are condemning themselves. In the end of the scene they ask for mercy, which the king ignores. Henry describes them as English monsters. Although this isnt an act of private vengeance, as they put the whole country at dange r and Henry is looking out for the country.Also Henry threatens the people of Harfleur. This is psychological warfare, as he doesnt carry out the threats. Henry is very cunning in this scene as he puts the close of Harfleur on its people. This is done by Henry describing what he will do if they dont surrender, first of all he threatens to set the town on fire, this is shown when he says Till in her ashes she lie interred. Henry also says hell rape all the girls, illustrating this is Defile the locks of your shrill shrieking daughters and he says he will smash in the old mens heads, shown when he says Your fathers heads dashed to the walls.The last thing Henry said he will do is kill the children with spikes, Your naked infants spitted upon pikes. If the threats that Henry has described truly did take place he would be known as a war criminal but Harfleur surrendered before anything could happen so Henry is known as a hero to France and his men not as a war criminal. Henry does t his to make France see what kind of king he is as he was told by the Duke of Exeter Use mercy to them all, so the French dont think he is a bad king. All Henry is basically doing is working on their imagination. This is not disputed to Henrys contemporaries as his first responsibilities are to his own soldiers.Another controversial thing Henry has done is the killing of all the French prisoners, which would have been classed as a war crime today but not in Henrys time. Henry loses his temper and does this out of revenge but I feel this is confirm because the French went against the law and killed all the young boys who would of only been armed with a pen knife.This was wrong and the French deserved what they got. It was also a very responsible thing to do as there are not enough soldiers to guard the prisoners and to go into battle as the English are still out numbered five to one, so really it is an important decision to make. There is no criticism from Henrys own soldiers as thi s is shown when Gower says This king most worthily hath . Oh, tis a gallant king They think Henry has not really committed a crime as the French started it and he was only retaliating. Although I considered the facts about Henry, I dont feel he committed a crime.Hence I think Henry is not a war criminal but hero as he only does controversial things to help his country and he takes his responsibilities seriously.

A Visual Analysis of Four Art Works

The primaeval rebirth was founded in Florence, Italy in the 15th century. It probably flousrished in Florence because of its location, being that it is in the center of Italy. This flowing was called Renaissance because it instrument rebirth There was a revival of interest in the classical fine art, targeted especially towards the ideas of Ancient Greece and capital of Italy.Artists during the period of they Early Renaissance tried to depict the human figure with elements like proportion, gestures and expressions, and realistic objects and clothing as well.They besides utilize otherwise techniques like modeling, which gives volume to rounder elements, and billet. These artists also tried to establish refreshing methods to portray three dimensionality, giving forms a more real and life like quality. They did so by observing humans and animals so that they could gain a better understanding of Artists of the Easty Renaissance tried to take a shit consistent forms with the rel eforefrontce to the world along with what multitude experienced on a daily basis. The guinea pig of paintings changed as they passed into Early Renaissance.The subject of art was used based on Roman hi legend and and from myths, as it slowly pointed and leaned more towards religion. Even though artists had the vast freedom of developing and exploring of using sensitive materials and techniques to slang to their works, more times they were only encouraged to puddle works with relevance to the Bible with the flexibility to take their own sucject matter. Some of the main characteristics of the art period of the Early Renaissance include harmony, proportion, realistic gestures andexpressions, wise posture, light, and color.Although the Italian Renaissance first bloomed and blossomed in the city of Florence, it soon spread to the city and capital of Italy, Rome. Rome was always know for its high living and its fine arts. By the beginning of the 1500s, there seemed to be a rapid growth of artistic creations that totally changed the city.The period of art and in history known to be as the High Renaissance, saw the bang of creative geniuses and their masterful and talented use of techniques and ideas that were first used in Florence. Many Europeans were drawn to this city, where the church offered enormous opportunities that could help artists achieve and become well known by a larger public. Due to the fact that the church had so very much control and offer over the Italian population and because of their contribution to art, many of the themes in art embodied religious themes.At this event time, painting especially reached its highest point of technicality with magnificent artistic imagination and incredible heroic composition.Renaissance encompassed many Classical elements that extracted the details and showed the world as it really was. Nonetheless, the artworks of the High Renaissance explored and seeked for a more patient of and unified architectura l bulgelook and pictorial represententation.There was an explosion of dramatic force in art forms that took in strong energy and created a more controlled equilibrium. Some of the main characteristics of artworks in the High Renaissance argon unity, balance, spatial harmony, light, colors, proportions, chiaroscuro (the use of lighting and shading effects), composition, and perspective.Artists of the Early Renaissance broke away from older styles and introduced new elements as well as techinques. However, it was those artists in the High Renaissance who not only mastered, but perfect these tchniques.The most obvious differences between the Early and the High Renaissaince is the shape of figures and the use of chiaroscuro. Painters of the Early Renaissance strongly leaned towards using three dimensionality, but the new technique still did not look quite right. For instance, in Fra Angelicos Lamentation Over dead(p) saviour, there is a sense of three dimensionality, but at the ali ke time if the viewer looks at it longer, it does not make sense.The figures look almost flat. Not to mention, the halos on the figures top has absolutely no sense of three dimensionality. Although he attempts to create the illusion, it does not quite add up together. In Michelagelo Buonarrotis The Creation of Man, it is evident to see that turn is not a flat figure. Michelangelo uses elements of chiaroscuro to create Adam as a full, voluptuous, and three dimensional figure.Michelangelo created many sculptures. Two singnificant sculptures, one created during the Early Renaissance and the other created during the High Renaissance, caught my attention. Even though two sculptures were created by the same artists, it is interesting to see that they are both very similar, yet at the very same time, they show significant changes and differences.David was created in the Early Renaissance. He is shown as an ideal human standing in a contraposto position, which are traces of Ancient Roman and classic sculptures.David encompasses features of a perfect human being such as strength, shown by the details of his muscles. Nonetheless, it seems that Michelangelos proportions are not quite right. His upper body, expecially his hands, seem larger. It is later on that Michelangelo shows us how he has evolved as an artists by creating Moses in the High Renaissance.I personally think that this is one of Michelagelos most life like and realistic sculptures. Moses encompasses so much intricate details that bring the sculpture to life. Unlike David, Moses portrays enormous amount of strengh, energy, and endeavor.The sculpture itself tells its own story through details such as muscles bulging out, thich swelling veins, his strong legs, and his tangled up beard. Michelangelo also shows better representation of proportion in this later sculpture of Moses.A Visual Analysis of quadruple Art WorksThe Renaissance, meaning rebirth or revival, was a revolutionary period that made a great impact on arts and culture. The Italian Renaissance is divided into three major phases Early, High, and fresh Renaissance (Rzepinska, 1994).Though centered in Florence, Italy slightly before the turn of the 1500, its profound intellectual and economic changes influenced perfect Europe for the next few hundred years (Rzepinska, 1994). Tired of the restricted secular teachings of the Catholic Church, people began to turn towards humanistic philosophy (Hollingsworth, 2003).There was a renewed, heightened appreciation for great craftsmanship, literature and high culture. Spiritual matters became a concern after Martin Luther questioned the Church in their selling of indulgences and usage of Latin in Scriptures that were only getatable to the rich and noble but not the poor (Hollingsworth, 2003). This ultimately led to the germination of Protestant reformation that transformed the spiritual landscapes forever as proven in many great works of art.The Early Renaissance was lead by scu lptor Donatello, architect Filippo Brunelleschi, and painter Masaccio (Bailey, 2003). They began the feat on the foundations that development and progress was integral to the evolution and survival of the arts.They found their inspiration form antiquity, creating realistic figures that portrayed personality and port (Woods, Franklin and Richardson 2007). Their work also greatly emphasized the laws of proportion for architecture, the human body, and position (Hollingsworth, 2003).The High Renaissance move to a generalized style of art that focused on drama, physical presence, and balance. Major artists of this period include Leonardo Da Vinci, Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian (Woods, Franklin and Richardson 2007). The period lasted only from 1495 to 1520 as it was taken over by the Late Renaissance.This movement was put into motion by the sack of Rome in 1527, forcing artists to relocate to other artistic centers in Italy, France, and Spain and later paved way t o a new wave of thought known as the Mannerist movement (Hollingsworth, 2003).For the purpose of this assignment, I will analyze Fra Angelicos Lamentation over Dead Christ (1436-1441), Masaccios The Tribute Money, Jan van Eycks Arnolfini and His Bride, and Edouard Manets The Bar at the Folies Bergere.Lamentation over Dead Christ by Fra Angelico (1436-1441)The most obvious differences between Early and High Renaissance is the shape of figures and the use of chiaroscuro an element in art defined as a bold contrast between light and dark (Bailey, 2003). Painters of the Early Renaissance strongly leaned towards using perspective a system for creating an illusion of depth or three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface (Bailey, 2003).However, the technique seemed fraught with problems. For instance, in Fra Angelicos Lamentation over Dead Christ, there is the sense of denied aerial perspective, but if the viewer looks at it longer, the figures and their halos appear flat. The art ist fails in his attempts to create a vivid and alive mythical illusion.The usage of halos are significant at it deconstructs the visual perspective of lines emollientening the image especially against the predominant angular crucifix. The arrangement of the halos also provide a soft and rhythmic motion of a wave that helps to distract the viewer from an emotionally hardened image of Christ dying.The artist utilizes a vivid color of the robes that personally, seems to as if represent the blood that is supposed to flow out of Christ. On the crucifix, there is minimal trace of blood in what would should have been a dramatic and tragic part of Christs life. Also notice the surrounding figures and their lack of emotional expression on their face and no trace of tears.Their robe seems to express more motions than anything else in the artwork. Lighting-wise, the halos are to create a luminous setting for what is supposed to be a fabulous, surreal moment in Christianity. Note to client Ne ed more detail here to balance out the other analyses you have done so this wont come out uneven.

My Unforgettable childhood events Essay

I have some abominable while some sizable incident or occasions, which are never forgettable for me. For example, my circumstance after completing middle civilise graduation, which was well-behaved in one- office of thinking however, it is bad in my way of thinking. Every soul or family or country has some unforgettable occasion or events. For instance, America had the 9/11 incident, which is considered bad for USA.I was an average student when I was in Middle school and had so many imagines to run across after graduations such as to go for vacations, making fun with friends, etc., but there was someone who cute to prove himself that he was enemy of my happiness. As I completed my middle school with good grades along with the age of 14, my pop music came to me and express I have a big impress for you. He said he got something, which would be helpful for me, along with holding in the High school. First of all, I became elated by thinking that he brought a new bike for me. However, that happiness was with me until he said what the surprise was.As soon as he told me ab out(a) his surprise, I was really shocked and was non apt anymore, because he wanted me to help him in his business, which is a small printing press. I thought that I would make fun with my friends and enjoy my look fully when I completed my middle school and would go to the High school to get a higher education. I did not understand why he was trying to snatch my freedom, as I was expecting a good gift from him. I was not smart with my dad after knowing his intension for me. The reason for my unhappiness is that I did not go anywhere during my school days and did not know anything outside my county. I did not even visit out of state for enjoying vacation or for fun.Some meters some theory or thinking has negative rise or has positive approach harmonize to ones understanding. The same thing happened in my case. He was right according to his point of view. He was thinking about my future. He did not want me to just study, but he did like to introduce me to the outside economy and how to deal with flock, which arouse except be learned by personal experience at a job place. After he told me why he was carnal knowledge me to do a job, I realized that he was right. I also realized that he loves me a lot and takes care of me. He wanted me to get a good education with part time activities in the press company with him.Every parents feel proud depending on the success of their son/daughter. My dad loves me very much and also takes care of me. He always looks forward in bringing me up. He usually tells me about different good opportunities and also encourages me to join. If I do well in my study or any separate matter, my dad feels that he himself gets success. He looks at his achievements by my achievements. He does not want to see his own head get down because of me. Every father has a dream that his son or daughter does well in every stage of life and gets mu ch success. nevertheless though my father did not do well during his young study age, he expects his children to do give way than himself in the studies or job or any other position. If someone is a doctor or a pharmacist or at a high position in society consequently his/her parents feel proud by exposing his/her intelligence or his/her success in life. While on the other hand, sometimes parents might feel shame in front of others just because of their children. So, if I do something good, which people appreciate, my dad becomes happy and says I am proud of you.My dad want to me be a good educated man in society first, then I am free to enjoy anything. accordingly as soon as I completed my middle school, my dad told me to work with him, which I can say is a bad incident or occasion for me. However, when I understand that there is a big fact behind that, it would not be any bad incident or intelligence agency for me. My dad explained me very politely that once I would be a good e ducated person in a society, then I would have a much time to enjoy life and do what ever I want, which I could not able to do during my school days. Thus because of only this circumstances, I can present my self as an independent person in society. That was considered almost a good change in my life. There are so many people who have either good occasion or bad one, but for me it has a dual nature depending on the way of thinking.

Music Appreciation Essay

Sound any brain that is perceived by the aural senses. Physically, sound is vibrational, mechanical energy that moves through matter (usually air) as a wave.The Hearing Process Vibration, resonation, transmission, reception, interpretation, music appears.Pitch relative highness or lowness of a sound, rush along of vibration. smelling a sound that has a definite pitch.Interval the distance in pitch amid any two t unmatcheds, ex half step.Accent emphasis on a certain tone.Tone Color/Timbre quality of sound that distinguishes on instrument or voice from another. timbre contrast, one instrument vs. another.Dynamics- Associated Terms Degrees of loudness or yieldingen in musicPianissimo (pp) genuinely softPiano (p) softMezzopiano (mp) moderately softMezzoforte (mf) moderately loudForte (f) loudFortissimo (ff) very loudCrescendo gradually get louderDecrescendo gradually get softer chordophones make their sound when a stretched string vibrates. there is usually someth ing they makes the sound reverberate such as the physical structure of a guitar or violin. the strings are set into motion by either plucking, strumming or by rubbing with a bow.Membranophones Any musical instrument that produces sound primarily by the way of a vibrating stretched membrane.Ex kettle riseRoto tomsnon-pitched drums snare drum (S. Dr.)tenor drum (T. Dr.)field drum (F. Dr.)bass drum (B. Dr.)Tom-TomsBongosTimbales (Timb.)Conga DrumsTambourineIdiophones Ex MarimaCrotalesSteel DrumsCymbals (cym.)Suspended SymbolHi-HatFinger SymbolsTriangle (trgl.)Anvil (anv.)CowbellsTam-Tam (t.t) and other GongsSleigh costs (sl.b.)Bell Tree (bl.t.)Brake Drum (br. dr.)Thunder sheet (th. sh.)Rachet (rach)Wood Blocks (w.bl.)Temple Blocks (t.bl.)Claves (clav.)Castanets (cast.)Maracas (mrcs.)Guiro gash (wh)Aerophones any musical instrument that produce sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate.1st club where the vibrating is not contained in the instrument itself.Ex Harmonica2 nd class where vibrating air is contained by the instrument.Ex Flute describe Basic String Instruments ViolinViola violoncelloDouble bass partRenaissance Lute/MusicDulcimerThe Koto-Koto MusicThe SitarIdentify Basic (Wood)Wind Instruments PiccoloFluteClarinetBass clarinetOboeEnglish hornBassoonIdentify Basic Percussion Instruments TimpaniXylophoneSnare drumBass drumCymbaisIdentify Basic Keyboard Instruments PianoPipe organHarpsichordNotation/Identify Basic SymbolsStaff/Identify Lines and SpacesTime touchMeter-7,6,5,4,3,2DownbeatTied vs dotted rhythmsSyncopationTempoMetronomeArpeggioHalf-StepWhole-Step cerealPolyphonyMonophonicHomophonicHeterophonicCounterpointKeyMajor vs minor vs chromatic scalesKey SignatureModulation/Key ChangeChord/ProgressionHarmonyConsonanceDissonanceDominant ChordTonic ChordSub Dominant ChordMusical Form/Ternary/Binary phraseology/Antecedent/ConsequentCadenceMelody/ThemeMust Be Prepared to Write Scales and A Chord Progression I IV-V-I on the staff. Be pre pared to insert the Minor chord. Four flats or sharps is the max. .Must be prepared to identify musical instruments and the families they belong to.

The Milgram Experiment

The Milgram Experiment Outline exit The Milgram essay I) The essay A) Who was involved with the taste? B) How they got participants C) What the pillowcases thought was happening i)Learning Task ii) Memory Study iii) galvanising impingement for wrong answer iv) moves to continue the hurts D) What actu totallyy happened i) It was a assay for obedience non remembrance ii) Vocal response from the victims (staged and slump beforehand) II) The results A) How numerous sampleations were practiceed B) How m whatever flock were tried C) How many continued the experiment D) The video of obedienceE) What geeks of state were tested, and what difference that made F) Differences between each test and results G) High levels of latent hostility for subjects III) wherefore did he do the experiment A) To get an understanding of Nazis B) To prove the answer to destructive obedience set less in the power of record and much in the power of situation C) Social prominence D) Test the idea that some people consider themselves better than others IV) The reaction A) Self realization B) wrong i) Manipulation ii) Disregard for accountabilitys iii) Negligent of emotional well beingC) Argument in ethics ca utilize new rules in APA guidelines V) Applications A) Nazi Germany B) U. S. wars C) Watergate Many experiments withstand been performed throughout the years. One of the most shocking would discombobulate to be the Milgram experiment performed by Stanley Milgram. The experiment was to test a persons faithfulness to Authority by see if he or she would cause harm to a nonher just because they were told. The idea of obedience has been instilled in people since the time of Cain and Able, with regard to doing as God says. There atomic make sense 18 multiple reasons for Dr.Milgram to perform this experiment, however, some did non accept this and still believed it to be a violation of the subjects human rights. The results showed that even though people believ ed they would non cause extreme harm to some other, they would if put in the position where they were pressured to by an authoritative person. This resulted in topsy-turvyness in the psychological community, and concluded in major changes to what is clean-living, and honourable, under the guidelines provided by APA. However, his results may be used to consider what happened during human beings War II, along with other U. S. ars, as well as what happened during the Watergate scandal. This experiment was performed many times. It began with Dr. Milgram placing an ad in a New Haven newspaper. The advertisement asked for people between the ages of 20 and 50, those who were not currently attending school, and from all types of professions. It also claimed the experiment would be one hour, and that it was to landing field memory. Those who participated in the experiment would receive four dollars for participating, and fifty cents for carf be, for the one hour of participation. Fr om this ad, he did not get enough of a response so Dr.Milgram took names from a phone directory, and send fliers in the mail. The experiment itself was performed in the fundamental interaction Laboratory of Yale University. It consisted of two people who were aware of what was happening, one called the experimenter, the person in charge of managing the experiment, and some other called, the victim. A third, was one other person involved with the experiment called the naive subject who was the one being tested in this experiment. The experiment called for two different perspectives, which were what the naive subject believed to be happening, and what was really happening.The experiment was set up so that according to the naive subject, the victim was told to memorize a list of discussion pairs much(prenominal) as blue box nice day wild duck etc. then in the testing sequence he the naive subject would read blue sky ink box lamp (Obedience 18). If the victim was able to select the correct cor serveing word, the naive subject continued by saying the succeeding(prenominal) word. However, if the victim did not answer correctly, or took too long in answering, the naive subject would have to administer a shock.After each wrong answer, the next wrong answer would result in a stronger shock. The generator, which was to administer the shocks to the victim Ranged from 15 to 450 volts. The labels showed a 15-volt increment from one switch to the next, going from left to right. In addition, the following verbal designations were clearly indicated for groups of four switches, going from left to right Slight Shock, Moderate Shock, square Shock, Very Strong Shock, Intense Shock, Extreme Intensity Shock, Danger Severe Shock. Two switches after this last designation were simply marked XXX. (Obedience 20)The authenticity of the generator was validated by give the naive subject a 45 volt shock to the wrist. The test which the naive subject thought was a test for memory, wa s actually to test a persons willingness to follow government agency. Therefore, as the voltage was to increase, in that location were acted protests by the victim which made the naive subject less willing to continue. However, if the naive subject was having second thoughts nearly continuing, the experimenter was to give prods each more aggressive as the naive subject continued to protest, toil 1 Please continue, or, Please go on.Prod 2 The experiment requires that you continue. Prod 3 It is absolutely essential that you continue. Prod 4 You have no other choice you must go on (Obedience 21). Feeling compel even though the victim responded with cries of pain and eventually no answer, the majority of those did continue. The results of this experiment were interesting. In the patriarchal experiment 26 out of 40 people continued to shock a person with what he or she believed to be 450 volts for an incorrect answer, or if they did not respond within a time learn set by the experi menter. Another conversion of this experiment he performed in which he placed the prentice closer to the instructor, including one in which the teacher actually had to force the disciples hand onto a shock plate in order to punish him about 30 percent of subjects continued the variation until the end (Fermaglich 86). There was another variation which used only women. The results were the same as those for men. Over 3 years, Dr. Milgram performed 24 different variations of his original experiment, and tested over 1,000 people. There was also one case in which Dr.Milgram videotaped a subjects obedience, In the full version of Milgrams film Prozi the subject is shown ending up being completely obedient- that is, administering a 450-volt shock to the unseen learner (Blass). Another result of this experiment was the experiment had a huge impact on those who were the subjects. It resulted in gritty levels of stress in those who were subjects, whether they obeyed or declineed, which Dr. Milgram himself admitted to happening, and so he had to provide a meeting for the subject and the learner, in order to try to alleviate that stress (Fermaglich 87).Although the experiment was performed many times, and on many different people, this proved that the majority will follow orders when they are given, even if it goes against their conscience. These were not the only results from this experiment people had other thoughts about Dr. Milgrams experiment. There have been many who have wondered why a man would perform a test that many people consider to be a violation of a persons basic rights. Dr. Milgram had many reasons nates performed these experiments. Dr. Milgram believed When you think of the long and gloomy history of man, you will ind more hideous crimes have been committed in the name of obedience than have ever been committed in the name of rebellion (Obedience 2). He valued to be able to prove his belief that the answer to destructive obedience lay less in th e power of personality and more in the power of situation (Slater 31). He also performed it with relation to the Holocaust, and since Milgram, a Jewish man whose relatives had hidden from the Nazis and been interned in concentration camps, he constructed his experiments in order to understand Nazi ugly (Fermaglich 84).Another idea posed as a reason for Dr. Milgrams performance was the thought of self-other bias (Brown, 1986) which is the frequent tendency for people to rate themselves as better than typical others (Geher, Bauman, Hubbard, and Legare 3). There were those who believed the experiment to be unethical, and others who expect to be enlightened with a sense of self realization. One person ground Dr. Milgrams experiment to give him a better sense of who he was I felt a shock of recognition, and the ready knowledge that I could do such a thing, unsteady as I am.And I knew I could do such a thing, not because some strange set of circumstances propelled me to, noIt was not external. It was internal (Slater 62) However most other people who did not participate in the experiment did not feel this way, they felt this experiment was the subject of enormous controversy, centered on the contention that his research subjects had been unethically manipulated, without due regard for their rights or emotional well-being (Schwartz). In the field of psychology there was an uproar, with those who found the experiment to be reprehensible.One of those people was Diana Baumrind who questioned the obedience experiment, with concern for the welfare of the subjects, and curiosity over measures taken to foster those involved and voiced her concerns in American Psychologist (Individual 140). Dr. Baumrinds expression concerning the experiment resulted in the revision of APA ethical guidelines, which went with those laid down by the federal government, which limited the use of humans as subjects in the health check and psychological field (Fermaglich 103). Many found wh at Dr.Milgram did to be unethical, however because of it people now have a better understanding of what they are able to do, and they are able to apply his reckonings to other situations that have occurred, and may happen in the future. This experiment may be applied to a multitude of different subjects that are in a persons e precise day life. The major subject would be the Nazis during existence War II, which was a motive for Dr. Milgram to do the experiment in the beginning. It explores why a citizen who ran the death camps seemed to be ordinary decent citizens, with consciences no different from those of any of us (Velasquez et al). Dr.Milgram also compares the killing of Jews in the bollix up chambers to the manufacturing of appliances, and he says all of those deaths could not have occurred if a large number of people did not obey orders (Obedience 1). The ideas that Dr. Milgram came up with were applied as an explanation for the massacre of hundreds of Vietnamese civilians at My Lai and the criminal activities in Nixons White House Stanley Milgram demonstrated in the laboratory what Lt. William Calley and his unit would dramatize later in Mylai- that mans behavior is almost invariably dominated by authority rather than by his own morality (Fermaglich 111).This idea is also exemplified on television, as on a recent sequel of Law and Order S. V. U. viewers encounter a manager of a fast food eatery who blatantly obeys the orders of a voice over the phone saying that he is investigator Milgram. The manager is told that an employee steal the wallet of a customer, and Detective Milgram tells the manager to strip the girl of all of her clothing except for her apron, and to perform a cavity search, to look for the wallet.Later in the episode we encounter the man who posed as Detective Milgram who performed his own variation of the experiment, because he had been like the manager, when he allowed the doctor to go against his advice, which resulted in the death of his wife. During school, a person may be faced with a similar situation. One being seeing a person cheat on a test. The person is put in a situation with two choices, neither desirable. The person may tell the teacher, which results in anger from the person who was told on, as well as a loss of time for that person to take their own test.The other option is to do nothing, which in the long run will hurt the student as he or she never acquire the material, as he or she was suppose to. Typically a student will choose the latter, and give the sack the situation, which ends up hurting the other student. This examination can be viewed on a vast number of levels, but that does not change the facts and ideas behind what happened. Dr. Milgram performed a venture which is thought to have been unethical, as he tested a persons willingness to follow orders and do as he or she was told.He find the majority would actually do so, even if they believed they were hurting an innocent per son. The controversial research has had a aim of impacts on every different person. For some they have a self realization, thinking of why type of person he or she is and if they are sheep, blindly following authority. Works Cited for Research Paper Blass, Thomasm. The Milgram Obedience Experiment Support for a Cognitive View of Defensive Attribution. The ledger of Social Psychology (1996). library. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. . Fermaglich, Kirsten. American Dreams and Nazi Nightmares Early Holocaust Consciousness and Liberal America, 1957-1965. Waltham, Mass. Brandeis University Press, 2006. Geher, Glenn, Kathleen P. Bauman, Sara Elizabeth Kay Hubbard, and Jared Richard Legare. Self and Other Obedience Estimates Biases and Moderators. The Journal of Social Psychology 142. 6 (2002) 677. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. Milgram, Stanley. Obedience to Authority. New York Harper Perennial, 1974.Milgram, Stanley. The Individual in a Social World Essays and Experiments. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley Pu blishing Company, 1977. Schwartz, Earl. Why Some Ask Why. Judaism 53. 3/4 (2004) 230. elibrary. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. Slater, Lauren. enterprise Skinners Box Great Psychological Experiments of the Twentieth Century. New York W. W. Norton, 2004. Velasquez, Manuel, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S. J. , and Michael J. Meyer. Conscience and Authority. Santa Clara University. 12/03/2009 .The Milgram ExperimentStanley Milgram electric automobile shock experiments (1963) also showed the power of the situation in influencing behaviour. 65% of people could be intimately induced into giving a stranger an electric shock of 450V (enough to kill someone). 100% of people could be influenced into giving a 275V shock. The Milgram Experiment Stanley Milgram (1963) Experiment Focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. analyse Whether Germans were particularly obedient to authority figures as this was a common explanation for the Nazi killings in World War II.Mi lgram selected participants for his experiment by advertising for male participants to take part in a study of larn at Yale University. The procedure was that the participant was paired with another person and they drew lots to find out who would be the learner and who would be the teacher. The draw was fixed so that the participant was unceasingly the teacher, and the learner was one of Milgrams unites (pretending to be a real participant). The learner (a confederate called Mr.Wallace) was taken into a room and had electrodes attached to his arms, and the teacher and researcher went into a room next door that contained an electric shock generator and a row of switches marked from 15 volts (Slight Shock) to 375 volts (Danger Severe Shock) to 450 volts (XXX). Milgrams Experiment Aim Milgram (1963) was interested in researching how far people would go in obeying an instruction if it involved harming another person. Stanley Milgram was interested in how easily ordinary people could be influenced into committing atrocities for physical exercise, Germans in WWII. ProcedureVolunteers were recruited for a lab experiment investigating learning (ethics deception). Participants were 40 males, aged between 20 and 50, (bias All male) whose jobs ranged from unskilled to professional. At the beginning of the experiment they were introduced to another participant, who was actually a confederate of the experimenter (Milgram). They drew straws to determine their roles leaner or teacher although this was fixed and the confederate always ended to the learner. There was also an experimenter dressed in a white lab coat, contend by an actor (not Milgram). The learner (Mr.Wallace) was strapped to a chair in another room with electrodes. After he has learned a list of word pairs given him to learn, the teacher tests him by naming a word and asking the learner to recall its partner/pair from a list of four possible choices. The teacher is told to administer an electric shock ev ery time the learner makes a mistake, increasing the level of shock each time. There were 30 switches on the shock generator marked from 15 volts (slight shock) to 450 (danger severe shock). The learner gave mainly wrong answers (on purpose) and for each of these the teacher gave him an electric shock.When the teacher refused to administer a shock and dark to the experimenter for guidance, he was given the standard instruction /order (consisting of 4 prods) Prod 1 please continue. Prod 2the experiment requires you to continue. Prod 3 It is absolutely essential that you continue. Prod 4 you have no other choice but to continue. Results 65% (two-thirds) of participants (i. e. teachers) continued to the highest level of 450 volts. All the participants continued to 300 volts. Milgram did more than one experiment he carried out 18 variations of his study.All he did was alter the situation (IV) to see how this unnatural obedience (DV). Conclusion Ordinary people are likely to follow o rders given by an authority figure, even to the extent of killing an innocent human being. Obedience to authority is ingrained in us all from the way we are brought up. Obey parents, teachers, anyone in authority etc. Milgram summed up in the article The Perils of Obedience (Milgram 1974), writing The legal and philosophic aspects of obedience are of enormous import, but they say very little about how most people behave in concrete situations.I set up a simple experiment at Yale University to test how much pain an ordinary citizen would inflict on another person simply because he was ordered to by an experimental scientist. Stark authority was pitted against the subjects participants strongest moral imperatives against hurting others, and, with the subjects participants ears ringing with the screams of the victims, authority won more often than not. The extreme willingness of adults to go to almost any lengths on the command of an authority constitutes the chief finding of the study and the fact most urgently demanding explanation. Factors affecting Obedience The Milgram experiment was carried out many times whereby Milgram varied the basic procedure (changed the IV). By doing this Milgram could come out which factors affected obedience (the DV). Status of Location Personal Responsibility * The orders were given in an important mending (Yale University) when Milgrams study was conducted in a run-down office in the city, obedience levels dropped. * This suggests that prestige increases obedience. * When there is less personal responsibility obedience increases. When participants could instruct an assistant to press the switches, 95% (compared to 65% in the original study) shocked to the maximum 450 volts. * This relates to Milgrams Agency Theory. Legitimacy of Authority phone number Status of Authority Figure * People tend to obey orders from other people if they recognize their authority as morally right and / or legally based. * This response to legiti mate authority is learned in a variety of situations, for example in the family, school and workplace. * Milgrams experimenter wore a laboratory coat (a symbol of scientific expertise) which gave him a high status. But when the experimenter dressed in prevalent clothes obedience was very low. * Theuniformof the authority figure can give them status. Peer Support Proximity of Authority Figure * Peer support if a person has the social support of their friend(s) then obedience is less likely. * Also the presence of others who are seen to disobey the authority figure reduces the level of obedience. This happened in Milgrams experiment when there was a disobedient standard. * Authority figure distant It is easier to resist the orders from an authority figure if they are not close by.When the experimenter instructed and prompted the teacher by telephone from another room, obedience fell to 20. 5%. * When the authority figure is close by then obedience is more likely. Methodological Issues TheMilgram studieswere conducted in laboratory type conditions and we must ask if this tells us much about real-life situations. We obey in a variety of real-life situations that are far more subtle than instructions to give people electric shocks, and it would be interesting to see what factors operate in everyday obedience.The sort of situation Milgram investigated would be more suited to a military context. Milgrams sample was biased The participants in Milgrams study were all male. Do the findings transfer to females? In Milgrams study the participants were a self-selecting sample. This is because they became participants only by electing to respond to a newspaper advertisement (selecting themselves). They may also have a typical volunteer personality not all the newspaper readers responded so perhaps it takes this personality type to do so.Finally, they probably all had a similar income since they were willing to spend some hours working for a given amount of money. good Issues * Deception the participants actually believed they were shocking a real person, and were unaware the learner was a confederate of Milgrams * testimonial of participants Participants were exposed to extremely stressful situations that may have the potential to cause psychological harm. * However, Milgram diddebriefthe participants amply after the experiment and also followed up after a period of time to ensure that they came to no harm.