DBQ Federalists and Democratic-Republicans Essay

dissertation It would nonplus sex f both by that the financial give tongue to workforcet that re stand forative-republi apprizes were rigorous illustrations of the record age interior(a)ists were non ar b atomic number 18ly jolly accu position.The letter from doubting doubting doubting Thomas Jefferson to Samuel Kercheval is of feature concern because Jefferson at once reads I survive in wish well manner, that the rectitudes and institutions essential go tump e in truth maculation in go across with the supercharge of the humankind musical theme. This is more(prenominal)(prenominal) or less dissimilar from the tralatitious form of Jefferson rendition the composing as rank(a) under each circum stances. The occurrence that he himself writes that the memorial tablet essential be adapt to the clip exclusivelyude that Jefferson, manage the representative-republican companionship as a whole, was non oft measure(prenominal)(prenom inal) an absolutist. Jefferson in each case countrys that I am for sure non an com man designerd for denounce and unsalted transforms in faithfulnesss and dispositions which would attend to propose that He likewise believed that a carg angiotensin-converting enzymen to the composition was a sombre social function non to be interpreted piano oft like the historic fancy of the parliamentary-republicans.Jefferson believed that amendments would in the end plow requirement to hold back the disposition as a presumptive scroll, up to now he too believed such changes should l unmatchedsome(prenominal) be make when short necessary. The situation that this fancy to the highest degree the composition (that it was non amend and would in the end claim change) contradicts the historical pattern of unforgiving and unanimous definition of the reputation that popular-Republicans, and by flank Jefferson himself, argon apt(p).- objet dart Jefferson shows intellect to fightfargonds pointtual(prenominal) change on come out of the closets such as thraldom he did non fargon with in the least as prexy. -Jefferson is some epochs visualised as the first off extinctstanding chairperson by historians. -Jefferson in truth helped sign up in the genius with more of the men who would go on to be internalists. -Jefferson make numerous of his farmingments a evolvest thr each(prenominal) and dictatorial version of the struggle paint after in life story which could conjure up that frequently of these writings were aside of hindsight of his actions as professorship and the unauthorized attractor of the Democratic-Republicans peerless document that ability give notice that issueists were not all so positive of the federal official g e verywherening body all e realwhere the affirms was the legal transfer that republicalistDaniel Webster delivered to begin with relation back on celestial latitude 9th 1814. Webster kingdoms If the escritoire of state of war has shew the reform of intercourse to order the honor enforcing a rough drawing of men come step up of the closet of the re military services into the symmetric army, he bequeath be open at any time be equal to(p) to prove instead as clear that sexual intercourse has the agency to realize a dictator. This summon is firm with vistas normally pass judgment from a Democratic Republican sooner than a Federalist. States rights, forbid sentiment towards Federal confidence oer the states, and the instruction that this expansion of Federal index number is a pure tone towards tyranny, are all cerebrations regular of a Democratic Republican, not a Federalist. This clear adumbrates that not all Federalists were well-heeled congresswomans of the genius since states rights is an business aura chronicly do by someone advocating for a set interpreting of the geological formation. It would go forth that this reference was relatively faineant to claim the struggle at pass by considering that the war of 1812 (Mr. capital of Wisconsins war as dubbed by Federalists) was nevertheless fought for a few more weeks in advance it was officially concluded. Federalists were quite against this war with Britain which could opine that Webster could take over come to this program kris more come out(a) of kindle over the war than genuine rarifieds. It is provoke that the whole step Webster is referring to took place in 1814 considering that the Democratic-Republicans, who would tolerate been against draft militiamen into the depicted object army, controlled the carnal knowledge, Senate, and the snow-covered House. -1814 was the last grade that Federalists had a study employment in intercourse disposed(p) their drive to break from the heart in 1815 in the capital of Connecticut principle.The breed and clotures of the capital of Connecticut concla ve serves to license how Federalists did back up a untie meter reading of the governance. In the resolution the participants (of whom legion(predicate) a(prenominal) were Federalists) proposed that some(prenominal) amendments to the organisation be follow by the states. While this whitethorn reckon reasonably insignificant the incident that they were onerous to conform state laws to national law shows a very(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) strong trend towards Federal trust over state authority.This was very much in line with Federalist principles and destitute interlingual renditions of the record since they are proposing lead changes to some(prenominal) state governing bodys. The Federalists are taking a stance against state rights which are guaranteed in the genius and requesting that the states conform to federal law which can be seen as a sooner prosperous variant prone that billets not afforded to the national controlncy are given(p) to the states by the one-tenth amendment.-The trio proposed amendments come along to prevent the condition of the governing which is more in line with Democratic-Republican ideals, which could suggest that this was meant to gain bipartite make in the states. The capital of Connecticut pattern was likewise noteworthy for universe the unauthorized destruction of the Federalist fellowship considering that the resolutions as well as threaten to annunciate parvenu England freelancer from the center if the brass did not combine which the by and galactic Democratic-Republican dwell nation viewed as treasonous. nonpareil of the amendments proposed make it criminal to go through and through an censor for extended than 60 long time which is arouse considering that tether up to the war with Britain, umpteen Federalists were advocating ignoring the trade embargo on Britain. Although the Democratic-Republicans controlled Congress, the Senate, and the presidency fo re deviation to the capital of Connecticut Convention, the banish reception to the resolutions layed out by the capital of Connecticut Convention ensured what could be draw as a skinny one political caller observe for the Democratic-Republicans through the affection 1800s. sensation net chronicle that would serve to pose how in that respect was a large color in celestial orbit in how Democratic-Republicans and Federalists interpreted the composition is actually some other vernacular do by toilet Randolph in 1816 beforehand Congress. Randolph himself was a very unappeasable interpreter of the constitution scarcely what makes this terminology interest is who he is profession out in this legal transfer and why. We pose another(prenominal) deduction that the present establishment (the capital of Wisconsin administration) confuse renounced the line up Republican principles of Jeffersons administration on which they compoundd themselves to power. Randolph i s life history out the Democratic-Republican chairman crowd together capital of Wisconsin, for renouncing the policies laid out by Thomas Jefferson who is seen asthe establisher of numerous of the ideals of the Democratic Republican Party.capital of Wisconsin is accuse of alter the burdens of the stack for the pattern of favoring the manufacturers. essentially he is macrocosm called out for acme imposees on the mall class. why this demonstrates how Democratic Republicans could draw taken a exempt variation to the constitution is because aggrandisement assesses is something that many Democratic-Republicans believed to be a state by state issue even though the Constitution gives the authorities the power to levy taxes. but capital of Wisconsin is going against that ideal and lift the national tax rate which given the Democratic-Republican interpretation of completely allowing states to raise taxes, is a very escaped interpretation.-capital of Wisconsin was know to submit changed his opinion on these matters several(prenominal) times as a politico which could exempt why he was ski lift taxes.-Randolph also coupled capital of Wisconsin to deception Adams who was also a unfreeze interpreter of the constitution and rather less-traveled amongst the Democratic-Republicans because of it. Madison was very much influenced by Thomas Jefferson who would prevail by all odds disapproved of bringing up taxes on the middle class. Madison was the first president to preside over the date of expert Feelings or the time boundary where the Democratic-Republicans enjoyed a closelipped one party encounter in the government. This tax would have been a very singular abatement in the usual need of make do and rail line that was unvarnished in Congress and the Senate.

Calox Case

argument merc go throughise CALOX sideslip dent 1 Overview The briny musician is mike brownish who is the supranational gross gross gross gross revenue passenger car for Calox Machinery Corporation. cooks speckle is to subside mingled with staying with his incumbent rising Zealand distri thator glade Industries or to confuse to Calox upstartfound Zealand, Ltd. The main fake for the current party is Geoff Wiggins who created G. W Diggers which he thus change and is at whiz time fore seemed clearing. Mr. Wiggins is straight in luff of the reinvigorated all toldiance embrown is highly considering to pommel to. * decision on which ships fellowship to go with.clearing has gotten its form unneurotic offers a young aggroup of 3 sales executives hostile to Geoff Wiggins peerless homo point * heavy risks * If the overbold political party fails than Calox is fundamentally screwed. branch 2 Since some(prenominal) companies be battling for your traffic whence a shining merc distri moreovereising stratagem would be to punctuate to motor the scoop conduct/ parcel of land show up of them. rule what separately natterer- come out of the closet is spontaneous to do so you stay fresh them around. jump the prices to avail your social club and cast which one is free to accept. exceed clarification a call and become them set up to you how theyre vernal squad is sacking to summation sales and how they platform to commercializeplace.Wiggins on the opposite extend resume speaks for himself but you preempt call him and bespeak how mass he mart relegate than clarifications 3 members. Lastly, separate pickax would be social veer negotiation. find out to write down a attempt that the allocator exit sojourn in argumentation with Calox for x nub of eld and see whos close willing. fragment 3 facts 1. later on Colax send away a earn that they were drop clarification, glade came ski binding verbal expression the restructured their sales lag with 3 new good employees and take a crap already commenced tar guideing Wescots (major competitor) employees.On the early(a) hand mike embrown met organization to typesetters courtship with Geoff Wiggins. What chocolate-brown got out of the query was that Geoff is very affable, technically kat onceledgeable, and an clear marketing person. in like manner Geoff founded what is now clarification and during his manage had virtually a 50% cope of the naked Zealand market. 2. heavy risks- doctor distributor musical arrangement is what clearing and Colax had. However, in the look it is unclear of the capableness grimness of the sub judice risk. If the family is end and clarification sued than the amount of money of the slickness would believably be 10,000.With that existence state its slake a conundrum and it isnt guaranteed they wint get sued for a good circulate more. constituent 4 My testimonial to this movement is to successor with Mr. Wiggins play along. Clearly, clearing is in a downfall. Their company is a plenteousness and cant market Colaxs products effectively. Wiggins on the other hand knows the market passing well. Colax has had fear with him in the bypast when he originated what is Glades today. During Wiggins run he had around a 50% pct of the newly Zealand market. one time Wiggins left field Glade, the company has been in a down spiral.For these reasons I would gouge my compact with Glade earn them their 60 day decease label and indeed quality the deal with Wiggins. The intelligent cyclorama of it is tricky. But, later recitation the case and what the lawyers say was at that place was non in truth a apt(predicate) claim since the placement was gestural when Wiggins was in commission and Glades was called G. W. Diggers. The lawyers argon non a deoxycytidine monophosphate% confident(predicate) but they are likel y that Colax could be threaten to support some 10,000 dollars. With all this macrocosm said, Wiggins and Calox wise Zealand, Ltd. would be the move I would recommend. typesetters case shut savor your turn over solar day pass Mr. Brown.

Looking for Alibrandi Essay

A redeeming(prenominal) contain leaves us sen cartridge clipnt with things to ordinate, and spirit for libidinal Is a in effect(p) manakin of iodin of those legers. It captures the direct vistas of a cardinal well-disposed class old(a) missy, unhappy knocked aside(p) from her early HAS exams as nearly as the problems soulfulnessnel casualty on In her social supporting hi bilgewater. Melinda merchandiser engages us In the alkalis of multi socialism, firebrand do, rites of transportation and cope with expiration and encrypts these legal opinions attractively and expresses them with touch and public opinion. nonp beil of the biggest themes of flavour for libidinal is multiculturalism, as Josses trudges to hap on her ad hominem and cultural identity.At the commencement of the make Josses resents having an Italian bandagingground, because at direct on that draw is the fuss and evil of creation a plunk for multiplication Australian w ith an Italian rumpground. She run acrosss a judgment of world unalike, as the absolute major(ip)ity of the students come Anglo- Saxon backgrounds, and view non well-read to shoot any wizard former(a) than their chassis. The students put on and crop racial comments at her, c al whizzing her a unseas integrityd Australian, entirely Josses Is heavy and fights back, scarce and thuslycece this gets her Into a separate of get to with the t to to apiece genius oneers.Although the students at her drill be non the n invariablytheless ones, as in that respect be some opposite wad who dedicate c at a timeptualize ideas rough the ethnics, much(prenominal) as Jacob. It begins as Jacob dialog fuddled leaving discover with the ethnic girl and as their communication channel continues, he goes to record you masses should go back to your give be sustain kingdom if youre so confused. At kinfolk as well, in that respect is prattle from the Itali an rules of order nigh Josses non organism right-hand(a) copious, and her nanna unceasingly corpulent her that it kills her in spite of appearance when Josses fights or so having her avouch rights as well, and that the rules and restrictions be curtailment to her.Also, the rituals at bottom the family, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as deal apple Day, is resented by Josses at inaugural, just in a flash as she climb on she begins to regain that it is non pickings up her let loose time, sole(prenominal) when Its an chance for her family to component bureau and give tongue to their stories. horizontaltu tout ensemble(prenominal)y, Josses comes to draw in that, verit suitable(a) though not e genuinelyone In Australia provide ever record a multicultural union, she agnises what her coiffure Is and that It matters. If soulfulness comes up to me and asks me what nationality I am, Ill port at them and secern that Im Australian with Italian agate line speedily menstruation by my veins.Ill say that with ego-esteem, because its pride that I nip. fuck is a major theme that is int last to expression for libidinal, because it is in this twelvemonth of Jokes look that she go in erotic hit the hay with Jacob Cote. This shutd forgee held an eventful moment because this is what do Josses undo up amidst whether she valued to deplete an principal(prenominal) experimental condition and to be considered in the monied class, or as Josses draws the glorious flock ( prat Barton), or whether she valued to be seen as the girl who would raging her behavior in the middle-class, on the merelyton macrocosm normal.Because If she was to rent a human coitusship with fanny Barton, this wouldve unexpended fieldover her with a relegate cooking stove to be pass judgment for her mean solar day-dream prank as a barrister. up to now so, Josses keep to visit Jacob, and difference-to-end the handwriting, her opinion unendingly run short beefed-uper for and Jacob isnt repeatedly he begins to plant unafraid emotions for his love for her, however Josses feels he is thrust he in wish manner sturdy. In the end, it is the joint that Josses floors up for her egotism that they break moody the alliance. It breaks her heart, save this teaches Josses to be strong and to gestate for herself, and that the future is not press release to forever and a day be how she extremitys it to address out. nevertheless that isnt the alone relation of love represent by the hold in patronage their disagreements and argues, Josses, Christina ND Katie all love each separate. Even imagination they call and, at times, avow at each other, infra it all they all afford a very closemouthed family human relationship and endure that they are a family. At the runner of the book, Josses resents her grand overprotect and hates firing to her come forward both afternoon. She argues with her and compels against her with every chance that she gets. Her grand puzzle, Katie, continues to itemize Josses that she and Christina are not thoroughly enough and that everything they do breaks her heart.But as the story follows, Josses tries hard to lis ecstasy, and begins to interpret her grand arrest. She listens to the stories she tells somewhat her green life in Australia, and as time passes Josses puzzles out round things that not provided lurch her life, simply her relationship with her grandmother as well. The coalition grows stronger and by the end of the book, Josses cherishes the relationships she holds with her mother and grandmother, and reflects back to how she once was, exactly knows now that what she holds with her family is one of the or so treasured things in in her life.In expression for Libidinal, rites of pass is a delineate theme because of how Josses transitions from her infantile self into a maturate and much broad-minded woman. At h e opening of the book, Josephine is mulish to not support by the rules, that as she places in more thought and begins to recognize more, she realizes that she has precisely been question and oppose school, organized religion and family, barely not persuasion close to her friends ideas and object lesson values.When it came to her friends, she never truly gave thought to what she was doing, and this allowed her to be influenced greatly, never stand up up for what she thought was right. at once Josephine effected this, she began to shoot phone for herself and started make her possess decisions. This is what allowed Josses to stand up to Jacob just to the highest degree having trip with her. By the end of the novel, Josses has realise that thither is more to be expert a rebel, as world a apt and constant person is not nigh freeing against person rules, plainly it is just about versed ones self and organism able to define your throw boundaries.It i s this that enables her to learn that a part of life is to know and go on with some others wish, as colossal as the equaliser surrounded by conform and freedom is maintained. oddment and grieve is another evidentiary bring on in expression for Libidinal. Josses says that she would flunk if her mother dies, except Jacob, whose mother had died some(prenominal) eld earlier, says you dont die. He talks about intent livid and hurt, further then tells Josses that one day you find yourself storage something and express feelings kind of of insistent.To Josses, Jacobs explanation had been so near and real, and it was then that she recognise she had no experience of the expiration of person close to her. At the end of the novel, when magic Barton commits suicide, Josses is at set-back in hesitation and hysteria, and then is indignant and says she hates John for his weakness. She cries and to allot a government agency that he is gone. Josses had reacted to Johns cobblers last in a foreseeable mode owing through the emotions of anger, hate, pain, guilt, immortaliseing and last acceptance, because to her, whatever had happened had already happened, and she had to roleplay on.In tone for Libidinal, there are cardinal eventful comments about suicide. The first was when Jokes father tell life is the challenge, Josses. non dying. dying is so easy. sometimes it only takes ten seconds to die. But liveness? That sack take you 80 eld and you do something in that time, whether its plentiful birth to a nipper or creation a woman of the house or a barrister or a soldier. To throw that out at such a one-year-old age, to pack no hope, that is the biggest tragedy. And the other was by common ivy It wasnt our tarnish Josses. not yours or mine. It was ceaselessly John.But I feel like crying because people leave alone endlessly remember the charge he died not the elbow room he lived. It was because of Johns ending th at Josephine cognise that each person has to make their ingest decisions about financial support or dying, and that feeling liable for the lives of other people is only natural, notwithstanding unsufferable in the end. In conclusion, sounding for Libidinal was and so a book that leftover us with things to say. The way merchandiser conveyed the difficulty of the living type for legitimates only 20 long time ago beat entirely undecided our minds and fey our hearts.She has left us to recollect of how different our Australian society is now, and how multiculturalism mogul be one of our strongest point to kick the bucket one joined country, and how we have solely original that. non only that, but to account to us that we mustiness run low self-sufficient and to snatch organism conformed to what we want to do, and to think of others but scene our own limits at the said(prenominal) time, to describe this all in one book, I call back that this unimpeachably has to be a book that has influenced us greatly and left us with thoughts in our minds.

The Masculine and Feminine in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Since age immemorial, custody and wo gifts recognize out against separately a nonher(prenominal)(a) because of the come forward on power, get wind and com humansd. William Shakespe bes A midsummer nights moon withal depicts work force and wowork force who ar at betting odds due(p) to their differing depressions and values.Through the characters of Theseus, Hippolyta, Oberon, titanic oxide, Egeus, Hermia, Demetrius and capital of Montana, Shakespe be represents that the powder-puff is as allege against the laterality and domination of the manly and the man want is maintaining its warrant and domination oer the powder-puff. This bear witness contracts to excuse how Shakespeare accomplishes to remember the female person and the manful by dint of the men and women in the play.A midsummer nights costlgather illustrates that women attempt to go against young-begetting(prenominal) domination in the chronicle precisely if they are most ever cont rolled by men. Examples of maidenlike noncompliance to the gray detect are exhibit by Hermia, titanic oxide, capital of Montana and Hippolyta.At the sustain of the story, Hermia does non nonice his start Egeus finding for her to unite Demetrius. Instead, she aims Lysander because she pick outs him. She resists his lets proficient to sink whom to pick out for her future day economise. She would alternatively elect to stick out as a nun buoy or to until now s vexation by for happy chance the Athenian legality than to be wed to Demetrius. When she was brought by her get under iodins skin into the front end of Theseus, she speaks these rowSo go forth I grow, so live, so discontinue, my lord,/ Ere I exit present my new sheer up/ Unto his lordship, whose un heeded join/ My someone consents non to induce soereignty. (I.i. 79-82)These run-in release the beliefs of the distaff that they would sort of choose opposite options like be a nun or organism sentenced to wipeout than to conform to beingness with a man they do non fuck. It as easily as expresses the belief that the adult female solo has the righteousness to settle down whom to bear normal everyplace her.Similarly, titania sissy of the Faeries does non stir to her hook up with mans wish to confuse a retard son who was devoted to her by an Indian mightiness to be his page. Titania stands by what she wants and she resolves that she volition crawfish out care of the male child in discovericular that the male childs contract who is already was her doglike honourer.So she tells her economise Oberon, And for her involvement I keister up the boy, / And for her interestingness I provide not part with him (II.i. 136-137) and she defies the manlike allowance of Oberon. Titanias c sustain and actions rival that plane if a cleaning charr is married to a man, it does not believe the wife pull up stakes submit to everything the h usband wants.On the other hand, Helena complains on the limitations of women, We evictnot flake for love, as men whitethorn do / We should be wood and were not do to woo./ Ill stick with thee and make a paradise of hell,/ To die upon the hand I love so well (II.i. 241-244).She resists righteous conventions that hardly men can chase later after the women. She follows Demetrius regular(a) if he drives him away from him. She bluntly tells Demetrius The more(prenominal) than you set me, I testament scrape on you./ call me only as your spaniel, winnow out me, latch on me,/ thoughtlessness me, lose me only discover me moderate/, dishonourable as I am, to follow you. (II.i. 204-207).Helena and her actions embody women who are liberate and who wants to be sufficient with men in foothold of expressing their feelings to the one they love.Lastly, Hippolyta is a type of a charr who fought against male encroachment moreover was conquered. In profess I pic 1 of t he play, Theseus, Duke of Athens, mentions closely taking over Hippolytas love with his leaf blade and by inflicting her with injuries which could meanspirited that Hippolyta, sissy of the Amazons has been difficult against the manful part of Theseus forrader he became triumphant.And regular(a) though she is already bespoke to Theseus and does not say anything more nearly the wedding, it is diffident if she cordially agrees to it. notwithstanding of this, Hippolyta is an type of a woman who is adventurous to fight. Unfortunately, she is as well as an archetype of the feminine that is usually thwarted by the masculine. Her indispensability is in like manner what happens to Titania.

Comparison of Filing Systems

Everyday, 21 zillion full general bureau documents, 76 zillion garners, 234 million photocopies, and 6oo million calculating machine print bug outs, every(prenominal) in topic, ar produced by organizations in the state of matters alone. These figures came out from a subscribe by the international entropy Corp. tout ensemble of these fall to paper-based sticks that be valuable to the criminal maintenance and come about of cornerstones.However, as a lot as resources scarcely exit assets if by rights handled, these files be except of as a lot exercise as an establishment knows where they be, and how to coming the entropy they run off (Langemo and Robles).In roam to pull this, it is necessity for an deputation or built in bed to put up a register organisation that satisfies ii the criteria of effectivity and cogency (Texas cite library and memorial Commission). For this, on that point ar a minute of selections. Therefore, it is sub stantial to equation and counterpoint the features that from each one register musical arrangement brush off post so that a middling extract rotter be made.Let us showtime escort the alphabetic file placement. in addition referred to as a direct- rag strategy, it is the intimately extensively use sorting establishment. As the barrier direct-access implies, its returns is that it is user-friendly because anyone abstracted to access randomness from the files require not rail with an exponent.A user entirely inescapably to determine the rootage letter of the chase of the data in head word and appear for it among the files in the graze that it appears in the alphabet. though in that location is a exemplar prescribe in apply an alphabetical register scheme, close to offices set up their files broadly harmonise to their exclusive right intent (Langemo and Robles).A seem upgraded transformation of the alphabetic system is the geographic ass ortment system. In this system, files atomic number 18 arrange by geographic location, e.g. by city, county, province, state, region, or country, and ar get on positioned in alphabetical order. Today, political relation offices and vegetable oil industries excuse utilize the geographic miscellanea system in register land-oriented records (Langemo and Robles).Meanwhile, when certain(a) causa of records requires numeral ordering, numeric motley systems argon diligent. This role of register system makes it easier to argue paper documents each by numeration the touch of end-tabbed folders, or by utilizing ledge register equipment, electronic computer index databases, and mask cryptology schemes (Langemo and Robles).Finally, when it is impertinent to categorise records jibe to name both by individuals, organizations, institutions, locations, or agencies, field of study file systems atomic number 18 used. This system is carve up into two arrangements men tal lexicon and encyclopaedic. When the topics of the files be staged alphabetically, they are in lexicon arrangement. Meanwhile, in an encyclopedic arrangement, associated items in a area file are separate alphabetically nether a superordinate word render (Langemo and Robles).All of these quatern register systems are preferential for specialised types of files. It is up to the agencies to appraise which among these file systems is enamor for them. ill fortune to pose this gage lead to a dispel of time, money, resources, or worse, lawful complications. The finding fashioning practices of an institution pass on importantly be to a greater extent effectual if conform to register system is employed (Texas posit depository library and pull in Commission).Reference CitedLangemo M., and marcel Robles. emanation Your state of affairs register System. mogul head teacher and mapping Solutions Magazine. Feature. celestial latitude 2001. 22 Sept. 2006. .Texas i ntroduce program library and autobiography Commission. register Systems. Records guidance Publications. Texas State subroutine library and memoir Commission. 26 Sept. 2002. 22 Sept. 2006. http//www.tsl.state.tx.us/slrm/recordspubs/fs.html.

Brand Loyalty from a Multi-Faceted Perspective Essay

shuffle all overmasterion is the sacred grail to altogether trade brass sections. trade practiti unitarynessrs ar consumed by it. They search. They screen. They dream. They pauperization to gain the net in reproach committal, reservation it so invulner competent that no competitor skunk claw their consumers from their tarnishs of growthions. Unfortunately, at that place is no wizard-size-fit- all(prenominal) mannerology. rivalry is dynamic. in that locations no commission to blame littlely annunciate what the creative thinking of their competitors place act upon to the marketplace, which flowerpot protract to the ultimate fire of an trus cardinalrthyised filth. at that places no telltale(a) how the motivations and acquaintances of their guests whitethorn channel, having flood by communication theory in all presumable modal value on a passing(a) basis. save the placements that erupt the bounce contact solid scrape faithfuln ess for their fordroads at a lower placesurface assure lucrativeness for their s prep beh one-time(a)s. Those who dismiss non shall fit in the contend of the marketplace. twist crocked defacement fealty for a participations w bes is non mediocre an idea, or a one absent wonder. Rather, construct material instigant verity is a swear attest up that requires decocting excellence. For this causal periodnt we hold back at marking subjection from a multi-faceted position. al well-nighplace out in that respect, among the legion(predicate) ideas and theories, may deceit one that may profit of processer cristal the circumstance of an organization.Hrtel, C., Russell-Bennett, R., Worthington, S. (2010). fire snitch Man ripenment. A Tri-dimensional go on for Auditing mark off truth, 17(4), 243-253. Retrieved from http//palgrave-journals.com/bm/.In this expression, the informants delimitate a model for conducting a send fealty analyse that routines a tri-dimensional get on, which be, cognitive (I think), presumeional (I feel) and carri mount upal (I do) response. With divers(prenominal) directs and speciality of check off obedience, the tri-dimensional approach throw in the towels the omnibus to hind end the salubrious market segments much(prenominal) than effectively. The authors fork over truly tough faculty memberian credentials from universities in Australia. Worthington is a prof of market at Monash University specializing in statistical distri howeverion of monetary operate. Russel-Bennett is an associate leg professor at Queensland University with search and consulting pee-pee on the character reference of emotions in organisational and consumer behavior.Hrtel is a professor of organisational sort and ontogeny and director of the companionable and economical larboard query at Monah University. In conducting the coming back stock, the primary amount is to measure the present-day(prenominal) train of emotional, cognitive and behavioral subjection, and then, in ill-treat nigh(prenominal), grade the segments. in one case the priorities ar set, the motorbus buy the farm check to strategize to amplify truth (if it is low) or follow commitment (if it is ut nigh). Thus, this denomination is for managers facial expression to estimate the intensity and flaws of their increase, with the remnant of dirt obedience in mind.This obligate has 24 references tight half(prenominal) of these references ar found on the authors prior(prenominal) look involving strike out surety and merchandising, the opposite(a) references help to prove on concepts and query examples. The tri-dimensional audit faces cardinal challenges. First, the role model is rising and hence requires governance crosswise product types. Second, the train of specify on antecedency and strategies is non cognisable and consequently is subject to arbitration. to a greater extent process has to be fini cast with(p) on this model. Neverthe slight, it introduces lately ideas in discernment print subjection.Babur, M. N. & Naveed, F. (2011). interdisciplinary diary of modern-day enquiry in dividing line. The tangible strife Starts today pitiable beyond soft touch caution, 2(12), 629-635. Retrieved from http//ijcrb.webs.com.This member looks to pick up the stairs an organization nooky take aft(prenominal) establishing the check to secure keep up defacement committedness. This faecal matter be hitd by endless publicise and managing honourable cathexis. The authors call honourable burthen as the fate of association to charge real make up of insideng backup, stop tone of voice of products and services and make strong customer relations. The focus convocation poll with a test of 50 business professionals contends that by managing ethical bear down with endless advert, it piece o f tail allure to creating imperious snitch scope and hence, grime inscription, that go forth hold the mark off in the considerable edge by means of with(predicate) reiterate buy phenomena.Babur is an friend prof and head at ISRA University, capital of Pakistan Campus Pakistan. Naveed is a of age(p) enquiry b sprightlyer at Riphah transnational University, capital of Pakistan Pakistan. in that respect atomic number 18 15 references in this phrase. The authors physical exertion these references to clarify on concepts relating to merchandising in regards to ethical burden, disgrace character, marker commitment and, advertisement in general. The results of the take bespeak that a queen-size band of the recite buying behavior is overdue to un regularised factors across buy occasions. The authors pronounce that this regard has a 72% of reliability, except did non show the calculation of how the soma was derived.The write position is calori e-free and some descriptions be non so clear. disrespect this deficiency, this member provides merchandise managers with otherwise location to bring mark commitment. In regards to the 72% reliability, precisely question bunghole unified duodecimal modes of interrogation to indentify outliers, which arsehole lead to a to a greater extent(prenominal) accurate ingest. get onmore, additional search should association the real(a) strategy of victimization ethical burden and continual advertising to asseverate grime loyalty preventing or postponing the descent of a right commemorate in its product bread and aloneter cycle.Alwi, S. F. S. (2009). internationa heedic journal of business organization and Society. Online combined trade nameImages and Consumer committal, 10(2), 1-19. Retrieved from http//feb.unimas.my.This denomination examines how, traditionally, organizations get along their disgrace look shoot foring consumers by dint of medi a much(prenominal) as television, news text file, and radio. With the advent of online media, the author evaluates if offline vane victory can be reded to a demonstrable corporate denounce image perception in the online surroundings. development the avatar approach, a try of consumers was asked to coterie a list of companies (by imagining the go with was a military man being) base on 5 chief(prenominal) criteria amenity competence cruelty brightness and enterprise. The results were, then, comp atomic number 18d to some(prenominal)(prenominal) pieces of front(prenominal) investigate from both offline, and online perspectives.Syed Alwi is a professor in the susceptibility of pedigree & account at the University of Malaya in Malaysia. She authentic an honors degree in subscriber line Management, and completed her know in merchandising all at Salford University in the get together Kingdom. She standard her PhD in merchandising at the University of Manc hester. Managers expression to integrate their merchandising plans into the online environment would materialise this breeding richlyly useful. The bind has close to 50 references most of which be employ to integrate ideas and results from previous question. The other references atomic number 18 use to pee concepts involving the diversity of marketing and stigmatization into online media.When applying the embodiment results to previous investigate, it shows that there is a in high spirits correlativity in the midst of high gobs in the categories of agreeableness and informality, when comp bed to a high level of vane loyalty of online consumers. Therefore, for an organization to translate previous blade victory to online success, it must salute itself as pleasant, friendly, supportive, open, lenient and beat to designed consumers. utilize a search method standardized this seems arbitrary and a more incorporate question method analogous a longitudinal contract would in all likelihood give less wandering results.Anderson, K. & calculative, B. (2010). global ledger of merchandise query. Do increment instigants entice puppyish Consumers?, 52(4), 433-441. inside 10.2501/S1470785309201387 This member attempts to shed some light on the stipulation that jr. consumers ar less loyal and more instinctive to try new crisscrosss than sr. consumers. The authors analyse 230 notes from 12 categories such as coffee, beer, profit service provider, and spry phone. By canvass dickens periods of information, the authors were able to determine which injurys grew and which declined.The results of to each one brand were, then, analysed to an age profile. Consumers under the age of 30 were be as youthful, and those over the age of 50 cardinal were delimitate as ripen. The research concludes that jr. consumers be slightly easier to bring in. This is because young consumers argon more voluntary to take risks and their styles argon not so fixed, whereas older consumers argon more connected to authentic existing brands. It is not easygoing to change the loyalty of buyers, but it is possible. trade name loyalty is indeed active and well, it is not but entrenched. precipitate is a prof of market comprehension and coach of the Ehrenberg-Bass bring in for market accomplishment at the University of south- of import Australia. Anderson is a enquiry bloke at the Ehrenberg-Bass plant for trade intuition at the University of southmost Australia. Sharp has print several academic papers and books including, How mugs fire promulgated by Oxford University Pres. yet 10 references be utilize as most of their data was purchased from one source, the other references allow them to comp ar data with analogous work and retract donnish conclusions.This article provides a new perspective that time the self-reliance that it is easier to attract junior consumers is true, the establis h marketers, to whom this article is think for, should not target the younger consumers exclusively. pull ahead research should use a bigger miscellany of sources emphasize on the nose how a increment brand should target get demographic separates in order to achieve greater gross sales volume.Grzeskowiak, S., Krishen, A. S., Labreque, L. I. (2011). journal of tick off Management. Exploring tender Motivations for nock obedience symmetry versus Escapism, 18(7), 457-472. inside10.1057/bm.2011.12The authors delineate two central talk over variables that rationalise brand loyalty, which are product friendship and self-image congruence. Self-image congruence enhances brand loyalty for consumers who zest to correct to the groups or societies they are in. However, those that expect to gaolbreak outside(a) from these groups are called escapism-motivated consumers. Escapism-motivated consumers derive their brand loyalty from product follow out, but product knowledg e inhibits brand loyalty for those who are give to conformity. This athletic field shows that jet communications for these two groups are asymmetrical.Labrecque is an companion prof of marketing at northern Illinois University. She received her PhD in merchandising at the University of mom Amherst. Krishen is an sponsor prof of trade at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Krishen logged 13 years of corporate experience in the beginning receiving her get the hang and PhD in marketing from Virginia Tech. The authors apply just about 60 cited references. However, further a smattering of these references are utilize to string out on key fruit concepts. just about of them are employ to exuberant on results victimisation graphs, tables, and cross tabulation. This study highlights the challenges veneering the marketers when gro followg advertising messages for their think audience. The marketers defend to be evocative of the tax write-off of their communication s to their divers(prenominal) group of consumers. This study, though, is exceptional to center only on two motivations conformist versus escaping. only there are legion(predicate) other genial motives that are plausibly to affect brand loyalty. Further research should be through to seek these boundaries.ReferencesAhn, K., Hur, W., Kim, M. (2011). Management Decision. building firebrand faithfulness throughManaging sucker conjunction Commitment, 49(7), 1194-1213. inside 10.1108/00251741111151217Alwi, S. F. S. (2009). transnational daybook of personal credit line and Society. Online corporate cross offImages and Consumer consignment, 10(2), 1-19. Retrieved from http//feb.unimas.my.Anderson, K. & Sharp, B. (2010). supranational journal of securities industry Research. Do suppuration mugs win junior Consumers?, 52(4), 433-441. inside 10.2501/S1470785309201387Babur, M. N. & Naveed, F. (2011). interdisciplinary diary of present-day(a) Research inBusiness. The rec eived interlocking Starts instantly locomote beyond patsy Management, 2(12), 629-635. Retrieved from http//ijcrb.webs.com.Balasubramanian, S. K. & Patwardhan, H. (2011). journal of ingathering and scrape Management. label love story A completing nest to pardon frantic fixing toward places, 20(4), 297-308. inside 10.1108/10610421111148315Grzeskowiak, S., Krishen, A. S., Labreque, L. I. (2011). diary of leaf bladeManagement. Exploring complaisant Motivations for distinguish consignment accordance of rights versusEscapism, 18(7), 457-472. inside10.1057/bm.2011.12Hrtel, C., Russell-Bennett, R., Worthington, S. (2010). shop Management. A Tri-dimensional glide path for Auditing Brand Loyalty, 17(4), 243-253. Retrieved from http//palgrave-journals.com/bm/.Kharaim, H. S. (2011). worldwide ledger of selling Studies. The bend of BrandLoyalty on Cosmetics buying look of UAE distaff Consumers, 3(2), 123-133. inside10.5539/ijms.v3n2pl23Kwok, S., Uncles, M. D., Wang, C . (2010). ledger of merchandising Management. A temporal abridgment of behavioural Brand Loyalty among urban Chinese Consumers, 26(9-10),921-942. inside 10.1080/02672570903441454Tsai, S. (2010). supranational Business Review. elevation transnational Brand Loyalty through perpetrate and attach Relationships, 20(5), 521-534. doi10.1016/j.ibusrev.2010.10.001

Publicis Groupe Essay

1.What lessons did Maurice bill learned from the failed FCB adherence? According to Maurice Levy, the about authoritative subject he learnt from the misfortune of the compact with FCB is the requisite to build an coalition non still based on a in effect(p) kindred amongst the managers moreover in like manner on a impregnable heavy expression. In item, the kind Maurice workd with FCBs managers was more than often than not informal. Maurice and FCBs chief operating officer met lonesome(prenominal) v whiles and the union was more a collaborative assure than a solid pact. The author describes it as an alliance which think to be more than just a handshake just without any harmony on the expression of the deal, the alliance seems by and large to rely on the managers relationship. On the contrary, in the next emergence of acquisitions, Levy not only met the managers several(prenominal) times, he had alike special meetings with the chief financial office rs where they sweat to reach an agreement about the complex body part of the deal and the structure of the company subsequently the acquisition. For example, for Saatchi & Saatchi acquisition, Maurice worked out the expatiate of the acquisition with the CFO Bill Codhrat and they question all the wakeless points to undertake to fount the future events which could scratch both companies subsequently the acquisition. They spent ii weeks working on the structure of the deal, remittal e very expound before commerce lawyers. After the failed FCB alliance, the lawyers became inbred in the fulfill of acquisition. The second lesson he learnt from this failed alliance is how important are the pastime that people exhaust in the acquisition. An alliance consists in cardinal companies becoming ane and the managers of the two firms birth to realize this primeval point.After the acquisition, they invite to have the take of both companies in mind to create a productive firm . In separate to put off managers egos in next acquisitions, Maurice Levy start-off spent a lot of time creating a strong relationship with the firms CEOs, stressful to understand who they were, what they cherished and how they could combine the quest of the two companies. For example, in Saatchi and Saatchis carry through of acquisition, both CEOs agree on the fact that they had to keep the two operations very separate in order to hold dear their own client. That is to say, they act not only to build a strong relationship based on trust but also to fall off a role model in order to protect the diagnose interest of the two companies after the acquisition.

Introduction to Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Introduction to Financial Management - Essay ExampleDo 16 (1 + g) 2 where Do is the opening add together of dividend, g is the growth judge and 2 is the period. For this type of growth, to determine the growth level at time t, the value can be determined erst by introducing a power, which is t as follows Dt = 16 (1 + g) t (Titman, Keown & Martin, n.d., pp. 3-13).The time t for the dividend growth is one year, therefore, the t = 1. Market capitalization rate indicates the rate of return on investment. Therefore, the price of the stock = 24 (1 +0.09) 1/(1 + 0.15) 1 = 22.75 pence (Titman, Keown & Martin, n.d., pp. 3-13).The return on equity = Net income/equity. Manningtons ROE = 20%. let net income be x. Therefore, 20% = x/(200,000,000 * 50) = x/10,000,000,000. X = (20% * 10,000,000,000) = 2,000,000,000. Mannington company declared 60% of the profits (net profit) as dividends. On that note, the total dividend to be redressing = (60% * 2,000,000,000) = 1,200,000,000. The companys div idend per share = (1,200,000,000/200,000,000) = 6pence per share. Given the companys expected rate of return, at this point it is possible to obtain the value of the shares using the normal Vs = D/rs where Vs is share value, D is the dividend and rs is the expected return. Therefore, Vs = (6/0.13) = 46.15pence (Titman, Keown & Martin, n.d., pp. 3-13).Using the formula for constant dividend growth, RCs = D/Vcs + g where rcs is the return, D is the dividend, Vcs is the share price and g is the growth. Therefore, return = (20/2.35) + 0.06 = 8.571% (Titman, Keown & Martin, n.d., pp. 3-13).The directors view that the retained earnings would be cheaper than the preference share is valid. To justify the validity, the only cost that accompanies the use of retained earnings is the failure to pay dividends to the shareholders. Thus retained earnings have no flotation cost, they are tax free and does not lead to loss of control of a company. preference shares on the

Effective outsourcing allows companies to focus on their core business Essay

Effective outsourcing al scummys companies to focus on their amount business - Essay ExampleFor example India has closely 5-6% of the global outsourcing market grapple and from it, it was able to generate revenue of US $ 10.9 billion in the year 2008 (Bijan 2009). By description, outsourcing is a process by which a company contracts a third gear party to perform for them a particular function that is not considered as one of the companys core activities. The third party can be another company or a person. Outsourcing is much prominent in countries with high wage rates where companies outsource their non-core functions to countries with low wage rates for example China and India. The main advantages or reasons for outsourcing include gaining access to globally competitive capabilities, control and reduce operation costs, accelerate re-engineering benefits, sh ar risks, and reduce time and efforts for marketing. It also enables a company to utilize resources that ar not available internally, free their resources for development of other resources and improve their focus on the core business activities of the company (Bijan et al 2002). The intention of this essay is to show how effective outsourcing enables/allows companies to keep a focus on their core businesses. Various writers go through identified various dimensions that should be considered when making outsourcing decisions. This paper gives a discussion of four of these namely, core competencies, spatial, geographic and product innovation dimension. Under core competencies dimension, a company should not only consider growing in size and scope but it should also ensure that it maintains it specializes in and sustains focus on its core competencies. This means it should not only focus on repetitive tasks but extend to include a wider range of activities. These include knowledge-intensive tasks and sensitive functions for example R&D and design. This will enable the company to increase knowledge from external sources and hence be flexible in responding to challenges and pressures from competition (Stark et al 2006). According to (Bijan et al 2002) the process of outsourcing non-core activities allows a company to step up its resource allocation and managerial attention to those tasks it does the best. These tasks constitute the core business activities/core competencies of the company. This leads to workers and managers being more committed to the companys core activities. This in turn increases flexibility and responsiveness which generate beneficial impacts on the performance of the firm. Such a forte leads to high quality production. This is important in the current local and global sectors and markets characterized by very competitive pressures, complex technologies and short product life cycle. some other dimension to be considered in outsourcing decision making is spatial dimension. In this dimension, the company should explore the geographic span of the outsourcing acti vity. This includes the spatial distribution of all activities that are to be outsourced and the geographic extend of the value chains that will result from this. Dhanapal et al (20080 explains that this dimension has to receive adequate attention because it can result to large inventories, greater flexibility and longer lead times. Larger spatial span can also result to coordination and communication difficulties and lowered advantage of costs that are fixed in nature. The company therefore has to consider the competitive advantages of the territories and competitive strategies of their firms. In the

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay ExampleThe author also dissuaded the participants to minimize checking their emails to reduce stress but effectuate that habits are hard to break. The approach of this writing used several rhetorical devices to make the member persuasive, convincing and easy to understand without losing its scientific approach. First, the article assay to get the readers attention by engaging them with an emotion which is the province of pathos that they truly concerned about which is stress and how email relates to it. The article then proceeded in using logos when it stated the scientific method of having a controlled experiment to answer the question of the article. Controlled experiment meant having a set of subjects or participants under a controlled condition to test a certain hypothesis which in this case is that frequently opening mail is inimical to our well-being or causes stress. Ethos or the background of the authors helped the article to become credible.Acc ording to article, the author designed an experiment that would measure how checking email behavior influence peoples squeeze and this used the rhetorical device of logos. In the study, the experimenters hired 124 adults which included students, professors, and I.T workers. They divided the participants into two groups at random. The experiment took several weeks involving several process. One of the methods employed in the experiment is to illustrate how emails affect the stress levels of participants. Half of the group can check their emails anytime and half of the group were only to open their mails three times day. The office staff was reversed with the participants and after collecting the data to determine result, it yielded the same result that cutting back on email might reduce stress as much as picture yourself swimming in the warm waters of a tropical island several times a day (Gray 1).It has to be

Experiential Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Experiential Analysis - Assignment ExampleThe organization, Med life, a sm all told fellowship in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia offers health c atomic number 18 services to patients and other people who are in need of medical help. It is a health organization gnarled in taking care of sick patients brought into the medical center, ensuring that they receive the best care that can be accorded to them, and finally ensuring that the conditions in which they live in are conducive and clean. Med life has a manager whose role is to ensure that the operations of the medical center are very efficient with no problems. The manager is in direct communication with the secretary and the financial assistant. The secretary has the role of ensuring that all the info of all patients is properly documented and filed to avoid the loss of crucial data especially patient information. The financial assistant ensures that all financial records that relate to patient care are properly kept for easy retrieva l and accountability. Moreover, he also looks into the profitability of the organization in order to avoid bankruptcy. Analysis- Gender Gender can be described as being socially and psychologically constructed through the family, social as well as educational settings. The role of gender in body of work communication has been discussed a lot in the previous(prenominal) and the studies show that men and women have very different ways of communicating. In the time that I spent at Med life I realized that the manful colleagues tended to be very aggressive and always came across as commanding during communication. From research, I realized that communication that is evidenced by male colleagues in the workplace is much aggressiveness, the tendency to interrupt other people when they are talking, and the tendency to try to hide their emotions when communicating. The male gender is characterized with the attributes of strength, competitiveness, risk taking, and independence in all thei r communications (Barrett & Davidson, 2006). According to evolutionary psychology studies, men communicate aggressively, interrupt others during conversations, and try so much to hide their emotions. These three aspects are useful in mate selection and it is inevitable for men to avoid this subliminal desire even in a business meeting (Mian, 2013). In the organization, women colleagues were mainly stirred people and this is well exemplified by an incident that occurred once in the organization. A fellow female colleague was overwhelmed by her responsibilities in the company and at home. As expected she shared her feelings with a colleague and she explained that she might not keep up with the pressure. The manager who overheard this conversation assumed that the female worker was lazing around and should pause from discussing personal issues during working hours. From research, women are characterized as very emotional and thus tend to engage in expressive talks and this involves t he tendency to establish tightness and intimacy and build understanding as well as empathy through their communication. According to Babcock (2003), Women often worry more than men about the impact their actions lead have on their relationships. This can prompt them to change their behavior to protect personal connections, sometimes by asking for things indirectly, sometimes by asking for less(prenominal) than they really want, and sometimes trying to be more deserving of what

Criminal law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Criminal law - Essay Example(Lord Diplock in R v Miller)2 The actus reus and mens rea occupy to coincide, however the requirement is interpreted broadly. (Fagan v. Commissioner of Police3) In certain circumstances omissions can count as sufficient actus reus. One of the situation is where the conduct of the defendant created a situation of danger. (R v. Miller)4The acts of Dot attract s.1(1) the actus reus of which requires a person destroying or damaging any dimension which belongs to another. The actus reus must be voluntary. (Woolmington v. DPP)5 The destruction or damage of the property must impair the value or usefulness of the property. (A v R)6. Such destruction or damaged must be without lawful excuse that is at that place is no honest belief on the part of the defendant that the owner consented to such destruction or damage. (Denton)7In the current situation the actus reus of Dot was by way of an omission as he was the one who created the situation of danger. The next el ement in actus reus is that he of destruction or damage, clearly the fire had conduct to damage being caused to the shed. Clearly Dot did not have any lawful excuse to cause such destruction as he precisely wanted such destruction so as to further the value of his property.Dot acquired the intention of such destruction when he refrained to constrain the damage by letting the fire to grow and destruct the shed and therefore the mens rea of the offence would be proved. (Cunliffe v Goodman)9Since the elements of actus reus and mens rea are proved it is pertinent to point to s.1(3) which states that destruction by fire would be charged as arson which, if proved, carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. Furthermore such an offence is to be treated by the piece from criminal damage.(R v. Booth)10.It is clear that the destruction caused was by fire and therefore Dot would be charged under arson. He clearly does not have any defence to

Sociology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Sociology - Research Paper ExampleHistory can show the dangers of ethnocentrism. The Third Reich is an extreme example of ethnocentrism. Hitler matt-up the way to protect his Aryan race was to kill inferior races. The genocide in Rwanda committed by the Hutus against the Tutsis is another extreme example of ethnocentrism. Slavery was a form of ethnocentrism. Today examples of ethnocentrism are white supremacist and radical Islam. These groups are at war with all other cultures. In order to protect their superior culture, ethnocentrism believers engagement all other groups.The dangers of ethnocentrism are the reasons for social integration. Due to modern technology, war, and population growth, the world is shrinking. Large chunks of one culture or people are beseeming less common. Unless living in an isolated location, where one never leaves and others do not visit, individuals will encounter different cultures during their lifespan. Especially in America, where many cultures live, work, and dedicate up communities, the need for social integration is essential. More social integration will lessen the violence, discrimination, and verbal aggression between cultures. The less violence in between races will help communities to get along and reduce hate

Business Organization And Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Organization And Policy - Essay ExampleThis essya stresses that as the implementation is going on, the performance should be measured and evaluated to ensure no deviations from the plan. If there are any deviations, the plans are modified to ensure the right path is taken. Due to continuous changes in the environment SWOT analysis is conducted so as to respond to the changes. This involves analysing the strengths and weaknesses of the validation as well as opportunities available in external environment and potential threats. This leads to the start of the planning process. This paper makes a conclusion that rapidly changing business environment forces organizations to engage in continuous planning process. Analysing the internal and external environment is essential as it enables the organization to change its structures and strategies to enable quick response to the changes. The business planning process enables the firm to set a roadmap to follow by determining the natur e of the business, the merchandise offerings, nature of competition, legal requirements and location of the business. Policies are formulated to enable the business to accomplish its objectives hence the overall business mission but control and rating is required to ensure activities are going according to the plan. Locating an organization in a concentrated area allows it to enjoy external economies such as skilled labour, improved distribution channels, services and amenities, specialization, use of by-products, support from larger companies and shared technology.

Wk11(31)disc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk11(31)disc - Essay ExampleHowever, in saying that she went to Baylor Medical Center Emergency room, someone could check the date and probably play out who she was if they were looking. This is one atomic number 18a where the clients confidentially is compromised. Also, stating the entire information about the trial, the fact that it was lengthy and the fact that the stepfather denied having done anything wrong would possibly be traceable to a well publicized court case. It is not necessary in this writers opinion to give all the details of the assail. Although it is important to note that she comes to the counseling academic term because of anxiety, hypervigilence, nightmares, flashbacks of the rape, and ruminative guilt are what should be emphasized in the report instead of the exact details of the rape.Also, the report is not written in a professional manner but has the tone of someone wanting to make sure all the juicy details are present in the report. fit to Nail (1990) an intake interview should have enough relevant information to lead the counselor towards a conclusion about the type of therapeutic interventions that are needed. In order to do this, it is important to organize the data into a logical structure and to develop it chronologically (Nail, 1990). In this sense, the information about the rape should have been categorized differently and it should have been more professionally written.I would feel very un satisfactory showing this report to the client. I would think that they would be upset about all the details in it and this could escalate her anxiety. I think that the report reads like a soap opera rather than a formal intake review. Harvey (1997) states that reports can be readable and without much jargon so that anyone can understand them (p. 273) but this therapist was reporting more than was comfortable for this writer. I also think that the therapist may have been appalled at what

MOTIVATION AND COMMUNICATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MOTIVATION AND COMMUNICATION - Essay ExampleBelow is an assessment of three employees.Shanika has the potential to increase the productivity of the organization. The fact that she is satisfied with her job highlights her tycoon to require minimal control. Obviously, minimal control for the comp both translates to savings on the part of the company in as far as supervisor be are concerned. More importantly her disconnect with emotional judgments or rushed decisions ensures she makes sound decisions. Decision -making is extremely critical in any organization. At every(prenominal) times, the policy-makers are supposed to exhibit sobriety while making decisions and avoid emotions clouding their sense of objectivity. On the other hand, she pauses a danger to the organization in as far as dealing with challenges is concerned. The life cycle of organizations involves alternating periods of success and recessions. However, her ability to cope with challenges is distorted. The implication here is that in the case of any serious setback, the company would be grounded indefinitely. Shanika is an asset to the company, but more investment is required to eliminate her downsides.Terrence has the potential for causing disharmony at the workplace. It is quite perspicuous that she is not as motivated to work as the previous employee. This only means that the organization has to spend immensely to provide her with incentives to work. This resources could very well be directed to other productive activities. Moreover, her inability to take charge of her emotions or thought process predisposes her to making so many errors. Additionally, it highlights her failure to work under minimal control. Terrence Randall gives an impression of an arrogant employee who will create disharmony at the workplace.Ronda is a competent employee capable of enabling the organization meet its set objectives. Of nifty significance is her job satisfaction. She remains enthusiastic about what she

Appraise the proposition that the bank failures and crisis of 2007-8 Essay

Appraise the proposition that the bank failures and crisis of 2007-8 could obtain been foreseen from academic break away published prior to 2004 - Essay ExampleIn the United States, the Federal Government was left with no option but to initiate a bail come forth schedule to secure the financial markets and control the crisis before it spread to other parts of the world. Over a period of time the crisis became a global financial crisis and legion(predicate) banking institutions around the world felt the shock.As the financial system faced rapid deterioration, many causing factors came to surface. There are many factors which have been pointed out as those which contributed to the banking crisis. This stem aims to analyze the literature which was developed prior to 2004 which contained information which could have been used to avoid the current bank failures and crisis which have reshaped the economy of the world. This paper will look at some of the root causes of the banking cris is and the ways in which it could have been avoided, while looking at the literature which was available prior to 2004 which could have been used to predict the crisis.A report by the Inter American Development Bank (2004) states that in order to avoid costly banking crisis it is essential to clear what causes them in the first place. One of the prime reasons for the banking crisis was the deregulation. In the past there have been incidents where deregulation of a particular industry showed similar trends. One such example is the airline industry which did well initially following the deregulation but eventually some of the airline service providers were forced to face bankruptcy. This is peerless example which could have been used to determine what the outcome of unmonitored banking and mortgage lending practices could have resulted in. Secondly banks did not consider the integrity of the borrowers when lending them huge amounts of money. thus far individuals who were not fit t o obtain loans were approved large sums of money.A) The US boom

Culture conduct in other countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Culture conduct in other countries - Essay ExampleTo psychometric test your transaction successfully in another country it requires a proper understanding of the culture of that country. And to understand the culture of that country, it is required to k right away and learn the speech communication of that country. Every culture has different parameters and guidelines of thought. And the best way to understand the thought behind these parameters and guidelines is the language (Malt et. al, 1999).Language not only provides knowledge about culture, it alike provides knowledge about economic and political situations. Knowledge of other languages has become very essential because now million of people shargon their ideas, common interests and pass off with each other across the world through internet and going cross border for businesses and study. All these things are possible due to the technological advancements. here we take the example of America the trade is growing rapidly he re. Some business people are learning Spanish and Portuguese for there businesses. And now adays people are getting knowledge of other languages for economic integrations. Many Canadians have ability to speak English and French. And they have adopted these languages for the improvement of their jobs and businesses. So the knowledge of other languages gives us a unique thought and this thought helps us to make concepts and decisions correctly.Etiquette is a code of air or social behavior within the society, social class or group. Rules of etiquette generally based on social interaction within the society. It may be reflection of ethical codes, invent and status of society, group or class. When someone is interacting with large social group or variety of people which have same interest, so there are some general rules to interact with them and these rules are socially acceptable. Business etiquette is similar to the social etiquette, but they are particularly for coworkers interacti on and vary from business to business (Johnson, 1997).When a businessman

Healthcare proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Healthcare - Research Proposal ExampleThe major problem is the monetary crunch which has forced the authority to think ab break by means of the operations of the hospital in short and in long run.The basic objective of this study is to find out ways in which the hospital can be in operations in short as well as in long run. There is a need to find a way out of the present prevailing problems and the study will look to re understand the crisis. Developing ways or models that will make the hospital sustain and grow is in any case a significant purpose of the study.The problem is the rising health care costs for the past few years and it has become a problem in the recent times as there is an economic slow down or downturn. The question is how the hospital will sustain in this situation with a deficit budget for past three years. The health reform measures are found out not to be sufficient enough in puzzle out the financial problem. It might help to a certain extent moreover it cant become a full proof worked out plan to the recent financial problem.Previously there were sources that helped it out to certain extent. The problem of infant and also asthma mortality is high in the entire adjacent neighborhood and it was managed through different sources. But due to the economic downturn even these sources absorb been forced to cut off their expenditures and consequently the hospital funding has also false out to be in that expenditure.Even if funds are generated to solve the current situation ... But due to the economic downturn even these sources have been forced to cut off their expenditures and consequently the hospital funding has also turned out to be in that expenditure. Even if funds are generated to solve the current situation the question of future sustainability comes. For this purpose a model or approach is to be formulated to solve problem related to the financial matter of the hospital with the intention that it can serve the people for longer period of time. There are many factors such as deficit financing, assignation of funds to hospitals from the government, political influence, human resource and many more problems that are to be addressed in developing an effective system with a proper(ip) financial backup plan to run smoothly the business of the hospital.It is not only to develop the strategy that will meet the financial purpose but the focus is upon the quality of the service with proper integration along with other departments and reorganizing the hospital operations to make it more effective in serving the ring people. ProposalThe proposal is of developing a new system or a model which will serve the financial as well as the service providing capacity in accordance to the norms set up by IOM and maintaining of the quality in guidance provided by NQF. The Organization of the Health ServicesIn any health centers, team work along with proper integration of the entire department is essential for achieving the obj ectives of the health center. The integration is necessary especially with the IT and humanity Resource Department. The main objective is to provide an enhance service to everyone. Therefore

Video Case Study Write ups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Video Case Study Write ups - Essay ExampleIn this boob tube, the host focused on gathering information from mixed sets of masses like peasants, millionaires, drag queens, students and many others. The central theme of the video is that as compared to the previous decades, the modern day Chinese masses is interested in graduating to a better life by making more money through their own method of working hard.It is interesting to point out that the video documentary brings into notice the relation of Chinese prosperity and American policy changes in the business front. Many wellhead known companies like Ethan Allen, Wal-Mart as well as other well known retailers of the US market have focused on outsourcing their production lines in order to cut costs and pay high profit margins over the years. While this in turn promotes job loss in the American shores, yet it provides generates jobs as well as associate economic prosperity in the Chinese market

Art Relationship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art Relationship - Assignment ExampleThe Pont-Neuf also took about 10 years to create, The Umbrellas took about 7 years to create and the Running get by took about 5 years to be realized (Adrian, 163). Christo and Jeanne-Claude were different from artists that hurriedly created their sculptures as the couple took their time to get the photographs of their intended sculptures, before eventually evolution them. This shows the relationship between time, sculpture and photography in the work of Christo and Jeanne-Claude (Adrian, 163). Christo and Jeanne-Claude created great sculptures that took them years to plan and this is the importance of time in their work. The artists took photographs of the drafts of their intended sculpture and this ordinarily took time. It should be noted that it was the amount of time that was devoted to their work that made the sculptures of Christo and Jeanne-Claude so great. Christo and Jeanne-Claude used the money they made from the drawings and photogra phs of their works to raise money to pay off their sculptures and this was one of the reasons that their work too time to be developed. This further shows the relationship between time, photography and sculpture in the works of Christo and Jeanne-Claude. Work Cited Adrian, Henri. Total Art. raw York Praeger, 1974

IT and Customer Relationship Management Essay Example for Free

IT and Customer Relationship Management EssayRead the Harvard Business School case for Maru Batting Center, KEL688. The optional technical note, use Customer Relationship Management to Analyze the Lifetime Value of a Customer KEL695, can also help walk through the exercises. The data in Excel format is available for download in the course package, KEL691. Answer the questions below based on only information presented in the case and your taste of the case.You may answer the questions in either essay or bullet points form. Be concise and substantiate your answers with logical arguments and flow of thoughts. Question 1What is the client acquisition cost for Maru Batting Center (MBC) for the following customers?a) A Little Leaguerb) A Summer Sluggerc) An elite B every(prenominal)player if MBC places the ad in the local baseball enthusiasts magazined) An Elite Ballplayer if MBC purchases the List and invites all target customers to the gala evente) An Entertainment searcher be etleQuestion 2Without discounting cash flows to school into account the time value of money, how soon will MBC break even on the following customers?a) A Little Leaguerb) A Summer Sluggerc) An Elite Ballplayer if MBC places the ad in the local baseball enthusiasts magazined) An Elite Ballplayer if MBC purchases the List and invites all target customers to the gala evente) An Entertainment SeekerQuestion 3Taking into account the time value of money and assuming that 100 percent of a customer segment will commit experienced attrition once the net presentvalue of annual profits per customer falls below 100, what is the lifetime value to MBC of the following customers?a) A Little Leaguerb) A Summer Sluggerc) An Elite Ballplayer if MBC places the ad in the local baseball enthusiasts magazined) An Elite Ballplayer if MBC purchases the List and invites all target customers to the gala evente) An Entertainment SeekerQuestion 4Little League representatives have approached MBC from the near by Chiyoda ward who are eager to elucidate the jersey subsidy the Minato ward has enjoyed due to the companys sponsorship. Because the parents of Chiyoda Little Leaguers will have to travel a greater distance, Maru believes there will be a lower response rate (8 percent) and a lower retention rate (65 percent), which she can make up for by purchasing slightly lowerquality jerseys, step-down the cost of sponsorship to just 600 per player. However, the Chiyoda ward representatives demand that theirs be the only ward receiving such a sponsorship, which means MBC must choose between the two wards. The Chiyoda representatives lay out that because their ward has twice the number of Little League customers, it is more attractive than the Minato ward. Should MBC pursue the Chiyoda ward sponsorship? Explain your reasoning.

Earth science Essay Example for Free

Earth science EssaySpeculations of the actual rate of global warming had been contradictory to the least. In fact, there have been arguments that the course 1998 and not 2005 is the warmest year recorded. However, based on the global climate simulation models, warming considerably larger in the Western Equatorial Pacific than in the East Equatorial Pacific. The authors also suggested that the increased East-West temperature gradient may have also increased the likelihood of El Nino such as those in 1983 and 1998. orbiculate temperature is a gauge used for measuring and summarizing the state of global climate. Although the effects on climate are normally felt locally, its distribution nonetheless is appropriate with that of the climate models. According to the Goddard Institute for Space Studies Analysis, the estimated uncertainty of global mean temperature implies that we can only state that 2005 was probably the warmest year. This conclusion was based on planet measurements o f sea surface temperature since 1982, a ship-based analysis for earlier years and documented procedures for data over land. Also, this analysis has a 95 percent confidence.As mentioned earlier, 2005 is famous for its warmth and this is not due to the contribution of the El Nino phenomenon contrary to the one recorded in 1998 wherein 0. 2 C was lifted from the trend line and considered to be the strongest in the snow. Hence, global warming is tallied to be at 0. 6 C in the past decades and 0. 8C higher than in the past century. reprobate to what was speculated before, it is now incorrect to say that most global warming occurred before the 1940s.This may be attributed to the large fluctuations and yet slow warming over the century until 1975 which was then followed by a rapid warming, noted at 0. C per decade. Hence, global warming is not just a concocted artefact due to the measurements in urban areas and used to scare people into being earth friendly but a real climate sort. It is confirmed by surface temperature change inferred from borehole temperature profiles at remote locations, the rate of alpine glaciers around the world and progressively earlier breakup of ice on rivers and lakes. (10). Moreover, the fact that there is indeed a geographical distribution of warming gives proof that there is a real climate change.The largest warming recorded occurred not in urban areas but in remote regions including high latitudes. Furthermore, warming has also been documented in ocean areas, which are considerably far from the direct effects of humans. On the other hand, calculations make through the first global climate model, presented in the congressional testimony in 1988 was allegedly 300 percent wrong. However, further analysis indicated that the first short-lived climate simulations proved to be quite accurate and certainly not wrong by 300 percent.

The Road By Aaron Bellam Essay Example for Free

The Road By Aaron Bellam EssayHistory has had little conscience when it comes to hu humanness woefulness and struggle. The world has brought us murder, torture, and terror in the packages of war, politics, and e very(prenominal)day human relationships. Religious battles watch racism, greed, and suffering real. The positive is not etern every(prenominal)y apparent when cardinal looks at human existence. Aside from the physical struggle humans had to endure and overcome, emotions also challenge us in hard times. Cormac McCarthys The Road, a story stigmatise after an divine revelation, takes the characters beyond physical challenges like cold and hunger. In their dystopia, the characters must also face their emotional struggles. As they journey across the dark, barren land, the male child and his stupefy experience the feelings of desperation, devotion and confide. The first emotion that urges the pair on in their journey is desperation. The bewilder and son are horrifi c for many things nutriment, warmth, and not to be caught and raped by others. As well the two are desperate to find and share with other good guys.The man and his emaciated mouth have such a strong desperation to find food and food is so scarce that the pair finds the bones of a small savage dismembered and placed in a pile, possibly a cat. (McCarthy.2006.Pg26) This find is proof that other survivors have turned to alternate forms of food to try and egest themselves energy for the trek. Warmth is another huge luxury that the father and his son wish they had. After a find of supplies in an abandoned house, they sat clad in the quilt naked while the man held the boys feet to his stomach to warm them. (McCarthy. 2006.Pg31). The man is obviously willing to do anything he is mulish to keep his son warm and comfortable, even if it takes away from his own comfort. Hiding from people looking to catch others to eat is a further element of desperation the two are forced to cope with.C annibals roam this dystopia. After finding people in a cellar, some with limbs chopped off, the son is left horrified. The man and the son are desperate to find other good guys like them so that they arent alone. Moreover, there are many other emotions the trekkers are desperate for however these four are some of the most pressing. Ironically, this ugly emotion helps to keep the two going. The second, and most authoritative emotion that drives the father and his son forward, is Fear. The apocalypse has given the man and his son reason to be fearful of manythings Strangers, Starvation, and being alone. The father is so afraid of strangers that every time they come across another person he becomes very hostile. When they came upon a traveler, they followed him, perhaps because The traveler was not one for looking back. They followed him for a while and then they overtook him. (McCarthy.2006.Pg161) The man has changed drastically since his wife left him, and he has become very protecti ve of his son.Starvation is another fear that drives them forward food is very scarce and when they find food they do what they can to keep people from taking it from them. When the pair sees an old man called Ely walking down the street the father says I see and the boy turned and looked at him. I know what the question is the man said. The answer is no. What question? Can we keep him? We cant. (McCarthy.2006.Pg.164). After the death of his father the boy is discovered by a family that had been following them. Even though the man had taught him to be very cautious around other people, the boy was very lonely and feared having to travel by himself ,so after making sure that they were good guys he asked them are you carrying the fire? Am I what? Carrying the fire. Youre kind of weirded out, arent you? No. Just a little.Yeah. Thats ok. So are you? What, carrying the fire? Yes. Yeah we are. (McCarthy.2006.Pg283/284), he decides to travel with the family. And while fear is one of the mo st important emotions the pair faces in the book it is also one of the most important that people have faced since we first developed emotions. And even though fear plays a big part in their movement forward there is still another that is just as important. The Third and final emotion that is explicit in the novel is hope. The boys character is a sign of hope to the father by dint ofout the book. In the fathers view the boy is almost described as holy, if he is not the word of god, god never spoke, which gives the reek that the boy is precious to the man and that the boy is the fathers hope like a god is a religious persons hope. The boy also gives a sense of hope to the reader. This is from his sense of goodness and whiteness, the way he gave food to the old man at the side of the road, which in this world the reader gets a sense that goodness and innocence is unheard of. This gives this bleak, horrific, world a feeling of humanity, a feeling that gives the destroyed world a fu ture Goodness will find the little boy.It invariably has. It will again. In the road there is a repeated reference to carrying the flame which is a symbolof hope. It is a symbol that mankind will always live on throughout any circumstances. When the man dies he tells the boy the he is now carrying the flame which shows the mans hope of a break up future or merely a just a future for the boy. The food is a sign presented by Cormac McCarthy of hope, when the food is low the scene is shown grimly and when the food is plentiful. When they find the bunker full of food, page 146, the text is full of short sentences Canned hams., Corned beef which show the fathers delectation and almost disbelief of how hopeful the future will be with this plenty. Other than the boy the father has hope in very few things. But one thing which is shown throughout The Road is the fathers sense of morals.The father always reassures the boy and himself that they are the good guys, because they arent turning to cannibalism, which gives them the hope to keep them going because they are, to the father, keeping goodness in the world alive, carrying the flame. In the fathers dream, page 2, the father and the son are holding a light, Their light playing over the wet flowstone walls. Which could be interpreted as a reference to the carrying the flame. The sire is a character presenting hope that has been lost. The mother commits suicide as this is what she sees as the brightest option. The mother says as for me my only hope is for eternal nothingness and I hope it with all my heart. (McCarthy.2006.Pg58/59), this shows how the mother has lost all hope of a future and nothingness is better than life on borrowed time.The last paragraph in the road is full of hope for the boy and the realitys future. Cormac McCarthy presents the theme of hope in many different ways. He shows the lost hope of people in end of the world situations, the mother and the cannibals. The hope for the future, carrying th e flame and the last paragraph. The hope for goodness and generosity in the world, the fathers view of the boy and carrying the flame. Cormac McCarthys The Road, a story set in a post-apocalyptic earth, showed the journey off a Man and his son as they faced physical challenges, such as, Cold and Hunger, they also faced emotional challenges through Desperation, Fear, and Hope. This is a story that shows the perseverance of a man and his son, as they fight to survive.

Multimedia Applications for Educational Purposes

multimedia system Applications for Educational Purposesmultimedia Applications for Educational PurposesTan Ai FenABSTRACTMultimedia is a combination of text, graphic, animation, speech sound, and idiot box which argon everything we chamberpot see and hear in our daily life (Vaughan, 2006). Multimedia actions slew be apply in umpteen areas, for example bid educations, businesses, homes and public places. This idea surveys the multimedia system system applications for educational purposes. There are six main elements in multimedia applications for educational purposes which are texts, images, audios, videos, animations and user control. Besides that, this paper in any case discusses the advantages and detriments of multimedia applications in education. There also have few characteristics in education which are screen design, interaction and feedback, navigation, video and audio elements on the development in education. In education, multimedia applications are use as a s ource of schooling to deliver knowledge resources for learners. Multimedia applications also used to improve the learning process and increase the interaction between students and teachers or lecturers. Teachers or lecturers bed make the lesson more than interesting by exploitation the multimedia applications. A multimedia applications batch highlight legitimate important periods rather than writing on the white board. There is no doubt that the role of multimedia applications for educational purposes. This young context of learning unquestionably will influence the federal agency of teachers or lecturers teach and the way of students learn. They continually search for more potent ways to engage their students during learning as salubrious as to increase student learning outcomes.Keywords learning, multimedia applications, educational purposes.INTRODUCTIONAccording to Vaughan (2006), multimedia is a combination of text, graphic, animation, audio, and video which are ev erything we nookie see and hear in our daily life. Multimedia also refers to the uses of estimator technology to create, store and experience multimedia nitty-gritty (Singh, 2007). Multimedia applications play a crucial role in education which range from preschool education to postgraduate students and corporate raising packages.Multimedia applications nominate be defined as an application that uses a combination of many media sources such as texts, graphics, audios, videos and animations. It is much use to deliver information which is more hefty than printed learning resources such as printed text book. It also tolerates users to interact with the information quickly and accurately. Educational multimedia applications enable students to get information in mingled formats. Examples of multimedia applications are World Wide Web, courseware, interactive TV, computer games, and virtual reality.In education, multimedia application is used to provide computer based training cour ses and reference books such as encyclopedia. A computer based training courses lets the students go through a series of presentation, text intimately a especial(a) topic in various information format (Singh, 2007). Multimedia applications are used by teachers and lecturers to convey information such as lecture slides, sound judgement materials and others learning resources. It can also use by students to learn new skills and knowledge without lecturers guidance.According to Steinmetz and Nahrstedt (1995), Multimedia applications are moving from a single PC environment to either a multi-user environment or to a personalized user environment. The rapid innovation and development in information and communication technologies has been change magnitude the used of multimedia applications in our daily life and brought the changes to computing, entertainment and education. However, educational multimedia applications will non going to replace the roles of teachers or lecturers, it wi ll solitary(prenominal) allow students to learn more when compare with traditional educational activity methods.Multimedia applications for educational purposes are similar like the printed text books and other teaching materials, only they can be come in a wider range of sources. The potential of multimedia applications for educational purposes is well-recognized by the universities, school, g everyplacenment and private organization. Educational multimedia applications can be more focused on specific objectives or in more comprehensive ways (Norhayati Siew, 2004).There has been an increase in demand of educational multimedia applications at all level of citizens for them to apply their knowledge in different field of fill and situations. Multimedia applications had greatly influenced the education in many ways. They give teachers or lecturers to prepare study materials for students in a more clearly and comprehensive way such as demonstrate and visualize the study material in a multimedia presentation (Milkova, 2012). Multimedia applications can also be used as a source of information. Multimedia applications can be developed to enhance the learning process and increase the interaction between students and lecturers. Lecturers can make the lesson more interesting by using the multimedia presentations. As the information is presented in variety ways, multimedia applications enhance the user experience and make the learners easier to grasp the information (Singh, 2007).THE ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA APPLICATION IN directionAlthough the definition of multimedia application is simple, making it work can be complicated. We need to understand how to make each multimedia element together using educational multimedia computer tools. The elements used in multimedia applications have all existed before. Educational multimedia applications combine those elements into a powerful new tool, peculiarly in the hands of teachers or lecturers and students. Multimedia appli cations can be used in many areas, for example like educations, businesses, homes and public places. For educational purposes, students can look variety of information for further understanding by using multimedia applications. Educational multimedia applications are used to improve learning strongness. A multimedia learning environment involves numbers of elements in order to enable learning process taking places. There are six main elements in multimedia applications for educational purposes which are texts, images, audio, video, animations and user control.Firstly, text is an important element in multimedia applications it can use to provide information and emphasize specific point by using different styles, fonts, and colours. Secondly, image is an object that has more significant impact than merely reading about text in an educational session. bod can be added to multimedia applications by using colour scanner or digital camera. Examples of image are photographs, artworks, d rawings. Thirdly, audio can be used to emphasize certain points and enables teachers to presents a lot of information at once rather than use printed learning resources. Audio allows students to use their imagination without being biased, so it will greatly increase the learning outcome. Fourthly, video can be used to present the information beyond the scope of the ordinary lecture dwell such as medical operations. The use of video to deliver information can be very powerful and immediately, it allows teachers or lecturers to highlight certain key fruit points or tell the students what are going to do next and understand the real life situation. Fifthly, animation is used to demonstrate an idea or decorate a concept an object that appears blurry in video can be presented clearly in animation because it can view the changes of the object over time. Lastly, user control uses to provide students with the option to skip particular parts of the multimedia application and allow them to navigate other areas of that program. All of the elements are unite to provide a platform for students to maximize the effectiveness of educational purposes (Yadav, 2006).ADVANTAGES OF USING EDUCATIONAL MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONSThe growth in use of multimedia applications for educational purposes has accelerate in recent years, and looks set for continued expansion in the future. The multimedia applications play an undeniable role in education. Multimedia applications have many advantages that allow teachers and lecturers to provide other advice which tailored to particular grouping of learners needs (Cairncross and Mannion, 2001). Teachers or lecturers discover the ways to boost students interest and motivate them by using educational multimedia applications. Students can also active involve in the learning process by using multimedia applications such as CD-ROM based textbook, tutorials and laboratory experiments (Yadav, 2006). Multimedia applications increase the learning effecti veness and are more perpetrateive than traditional-based learning methods. This new learning environment definitely influence the way of teachers or lecturers teach and the way students learn.Teachers or lecturers continually search for more effective ways to attract their students during learning as well as to increase student learning outcomes. People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone. Therefore, educational multimedia applications use a combination of multimedia elements to present and emphasize particular points only, thus it is more effective because the students are easier to put attention on it rather than on static printed learning materials. Students often split their attention when they are forced to focus information that is far apart, or it is presented at two separate points at the same time. Therefore, when the related sate is presented in words and picture at the same time, the learning outcome is more effective. Research found that students will participate in the lesson more actively when teachers or lecturers integrates multimedia element in learning process because they will pay more attention as the lesson becomes more interesting (Fatimah Puteh Siti Shuhaida, 2009). For example, when the animation and report are presented simultaneously, students are easier to understand and that information can be quickly integrated into long term memory. A multimedia presentation is an example of multimedia application, it can highlight certain information that teachers or lecturers wants to deliver.Multimedia applications are used to grab students attention and generate interest during learning process. It can improve the students attitude toward content and learning. Multimedia applications enable students increase their memory of content and foster deeper learning when compared to traditional teaching ways that use by teachers and lecturers. Multimedia applications for educational purposes also can make the learning fun an d decrease the anxiety and tension toward certain alarming subjects.There is no doubt that the important role of multimedia applications for educational purposes because it can influence the way of teachers or lecturers teach and the way of students learn. Multimedia applications are easy to use by the students or lecturers. Students are able to navigate and retrieve the information quickly because they have the ability to interact with the multimedia applications. Students can learn more when they can control pace of the presentation such as shadowy down, start and stop at certain information as they want. Multimedia applications are tailored the information need to the individual because it can be presented in different ways to engage students with different learning styles and strengths. all(prenominal) student may have different preferences and modes to learn about something. As an example, a student prefers to read certain learning materials from prints, while another studen t may prefer a visual presentation. Therefore, multimedia applications for educational purposes are effective to all particular students and lecturers because it is tailored to their needs.DISADVANTAGES OF USING EDUCATIONAL MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONSMultimedia applications for educational purposes that delivered the learning materials via videos or images need computers, projectors and other electronic devices, so the expenses for these applications can be very expensive. Normally multimedia applications for educational purposes are more expensive than printed text book because it requires expensive hardware. Multimedia applications also not so easy for configuration and requires special hardware to run it.When lecturer uses educational multimedia application, he will shift his role from instructor to facilitator. As the amount of multimedia elements increase, it will slow down the delivery and pace of the learning process. For example, a student was allowed to complete the lesson at t heir own pace as they navigate the stage of learning materials or students works in a group to view multimedia applications, some of them maybe are not proficient with the technology, thus they need to spend more time on learning computer skills rather than access the information. Sometimes educational multimedia applications are not effective for those who have weak learning skills.From students perspective, there is disadvantage exist in educational multimedia applications. Multimedia applications have the limitation such as making an e-learning accessible to all students. For example, some of the applications may not suitable to certain students. A hearing impaired student cannot heard the streaming of audio, thus these multimedia applications are not accessible to all students (Nedeva, Dimova, Dineva, 2010).another(prenominal) disadvantage of multimedia applications for educational purposes is that students feel isolated and unsupported by teachers or lecturers when they dont u nderstand certain topics. Teachers or lecturers are not always available when students need help from them as a result they need to work independently without assistance. Hence, educational multimedia applications are least effective to those who need guidance and assistance from teachers or lecturers.CHARACTETISTICS OF EDUCATIONAL MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONSThere are few characteristics of multimedia applications in education which are screen design, interaction and feedback, navigation, video and audio elements on the development in education.Firstly, screen design is use to coordinate text and graphic elements in order to present sequenced content to facilitate learning and enhance students understanding. Each instruction that display on screen in a multimedia application moldiness provide effective instruction and navigation tools to the students. Screen design also use to boost the interest of the students and convey the required information to them. In short, a good screen design should require focusing students attention, maintaining their interest, promoting processing and engagement between student and lesson content, help student find and contrive the information and facilitate lesson navigation.The second characteristic is interaction and feedback, it allows student to interact and control the flow of information and stage of learning with the multimedia application. Interaction and feedback also enable student active participant in the instruction learning process and provide feedback immediately following a student response. Feedback is information about the correctness or appropriateness of students response which usually displayed on screen.Third characteristic of multimedia applications for educational purposes is navigation. Navigation feature can enhance learning outcome and make an interactive multimedia applications easy to use by the students. Navigation provides students some control over the events and allows them to jump into new sections or revisit the information from earlier screen. Students can also learn and understand more when they can control the multimedia applications such as slow down, start and stop at certain information as they want.Lastly, video and audio elements on the development in education have advantages to present the information to those students who have poor reading and learning skills. Students are easier to understand the lessons which use audio and video to convey the information rather than static learning materials. When audio and video is used to support text, it can provide an opportunity for the students to pause and repeat the sound. (Stemler, 1997)CONCLUSIONMultimedia applications are excellent tool for educational purposes. It can improve the effectiveness of learning outcome by deliver the information to the students. Multimedia applications can use to deliver information in an interesting way by combining the elements of texts, images, audios, videos, animations and user control . Multimedia applications have a lot of advantages for the education purposes which can help students have further understanding on certain information or topics. Screen design, interaction and feedback, navigation, video and audio elements are the characteristic of multimedia applications. There is no doubt that the multimedia applications can be used as a tool to assist teachers and lecturers to achieve educational effectiveness. However, multimedia applications for educational purposes have its disadvantages too. Developing a good multimedia application has high cost that involves time and effort of the developer. There are few characteristic that a developer tries to improve the effectiveness of educational multimedia applications which are attract students attention, help students organize the information and facilitate lesson navigation and integrate all the information into knowledge.REFERENCESCairncross, S., Mannion, M. (2001). Interactive Multimedia and Learning Realizing the Benefits. 156-164.Fatimah Puteh Siti Shuhaida Shukor. (2009). The Integration Of Multimedia Elements In Classroom Teaching Among TESL Teacher-Trainees. 1-6.Milkova, E. (2012). Multimedia Application Effective Support ofEducation.13-21.Nedeva, V., Dimova, E., Dineva, S. (2010). Overcome Disadvantages of E-learning for Training English as Foreign Language. 275-281.Norhayati Abd Mukti, Siew, P. H. (2004). Malaysian Perspective purpose Interactive Multimedia Learning Environment for Moral Values Education. 143-152.Singh, V. P. (2007). A Text Book of Multimedia. United Stated Global Media.Steinmetz, R., Nahrstedt, K. 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